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Clin Med Repro > Breast CA > Flashcards

Breast CA Flashcards

1
Q

Having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene increases the lifetime risk of breast cancer by ?

A

60-80%

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2
Q

What are the presentations of breast cancer?

A 
Lumps
Bumps
Skin changes
Dimpling
Red, hot
Pain or no pain
Regional node enlargement
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3
Q

Malignant cancers tend to have ____ nipple discharge

A

Less

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4
Q

What is the gold standard for evaluation of a mass to determine if it is solid or cystic?

A

Aspiration/biopsy

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5
Q

How do you diagnose breast cancer?

A

Aspiration/Biopsy
Mammogram
MRI

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6
Q

What is the number one reason for law suits between a woman and her medical provider?

A

Non-discovery or late discovery of breast cancer

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7
Q

When do you start doing mammograms before 40?

A

If there is a family history

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8
Q

If you have a postmenopausal woman with a dominant mass or asymmetry, what should you assume?

A

Presume cancerous until proven otherwise

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9
Q

If you find a solid dominant mass, what do you do?

A

Any solid mass ALWAYS warrants a definitive diagnosis, even if you can’t get an image with mammogram or US

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10
Q

When in doubt about a breast mass what do you do?

A

Aspirate and refer to surgeon!

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11
Q

What is the most common type of non-invasive breast CA?

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

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12
Q

Is ductal carcinoma in situ life-threatening?

A

Nope, but can increase risk of developing invasive breast cancer

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13
Q

What is the treatment for DCIS?

A

Lumpectomy alone or lumpectomy and radiation

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14
Q

What is the most common type of breast CA (also the most common among men)?

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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15
Q

What type of breast cancer makes up 70-80% of all breast CA?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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16
Q

If a patient presents with skin irritation or dimpling, breast pain, thickening of the nipple or breast skin, nipple discharge and/or an enlarged lymph in axilla, what should you suspect?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

17
Q

How do you stage breast cancer?

A
  • Size of the tumor
  • Whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes and how many
  • Whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body
  • ER/PRHer2/neu status (?)
18
Q

How do you treat IDC?

A 
Surgery: 
Lumpectomy if less than 2cm
Mastectomy
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Axillary lymph node dissection

Also post surgical radiation

19
Q

What are some systemic treatment options for IDC?

A 
Chemo
Hormonal therapy
Estrogen receptor down regulators
Ovarian shut-down or removal
HER2 targeted therapies
20
Q

What is the 2nd MC type of breast CA that makes up 10% of breast CA diagnoses?

A

Invasive lobar carcinoma

21
Q

When does ILC tend to occur?

A

Later in life, early 60s

22
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer is ?

A

Rare

23
Q

How do you diagnose inflammatory breast cancer

A

Punch biopsy

24
Q

What are the staging tests for inflammatory breast cancer?

A

CXR
CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis
Bone scan
Liver function tests

25
Q

What is a differential for inflammatory breast cancer?

A

Mastitis (usually has a fever)

Cellulitis

26
Q

How do you treat inflammatory breast cancer prior to surgery?

A

Aggressively!

  • Chemo
  • Targeted HER2 therapy
27
Q

If inflammatory breast CA responds to therapy and surgery, what do you do?

A

Modified radical mastectomy

28
Q

If inflammatory CA does NOT respond to therapy and surgery, what do you do?

A

More chemo and radiation

29
Q

Is lobar carcinoma in situ a “true” cancer?

A

no

30
Q

What is LCIS?

A

Collection of abnormal cells

31
Q

What does LCIS put a patient at an increase risk for?

A

Developing invasive CA later in life

32
Q

Rare form of breast cancer in which cancer cells collect in or around the nipple

A

Paget’s disease of the nipple

33
Q

Patients with Paget’s disease of the nipple usually also have ____ or ____ somewhere else in the breast

A

DCIS or invasive CA

34
Q

Itching, tingling, burning, pain/sensitivity, scaling and thickening of the skin, and yellowish or bloody D/C from the nipple are all symptoms of?

A

Paget’s disease of the nipple

35
Q

What are the most common sites of breast cancer metastases?

A 
Lymph nodes
Muscle, fatty tissue, skin
Bones 
Bone marrow
Liver
Lungs
Brain

Clin Med Repro (7 decks)

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