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Gynae & Obs disorders > Cervical cancer > Flashcards

Cervical cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what part refers to the cervix

  1. upper part of the uterus
  2. middle part of the uterus
  3. lower part of the uterus
A
  1. lower part of the uterus
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2
Q

what does cervical cancer refer too

  1. neoplasm arising from the fundus of the uterus
  2. neoplasm arising from the cervix
  3. neoplasm arising from the body of the cervix
A
  1. neoplasm arising from the cervix
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3
Q

what is the majority type of cervical cancer

  1. squamous cell carcinoma
  2. adenocarcinoma
A
  1. squamous cell carcinoma
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4
Q

what are the most common sites for cervical cancer mets

A

lung
bone
liver
bowel

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5
Q

what does usually cervical cancer usually develop from

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

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6
Q

when is cervical cancers considered invasive

  1. breach of the fibrous membrane
  2. breach of basement membrane
  3. breach of the epithelial membrane
A
  1. breach of basement membrane
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7
Q

what infection is the major cause of cervical cancer

A

HPV

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8
Q

which HPV have the highest risk

  1. 6
  2. 16
  3. 16 and 18
  4. 6 and 11
A
  1. 16 and 18
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9
Q

how does HPV 16 and 18 cause cancer

A

inhibit tumour suppressor protein p53 = uncontrolled cell division

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10
Q

what prophylaxis measure can be offered to prevent/reduce incidence of cervical cancer

A

HPV vaccine

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11
Q

what strains of HPV does the vaccine prevent against

A

6, 11, 18, 16

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12
Q

give 4 examples of RFx for developing cervical cancer

A

smoking

sexually transmitted infections

long term COCP use (>8 yrs)

immunodeficiency

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13
Q

what is the most common presenting symptom of cervical cancer

A

abnormal vaginal bleeding

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14
Q

give 2 examples of abnormal vaginal bleeding

A

post ictal bleeding

post menopausal bleeding

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15
Q

give 4 symptoms of cervical cancer

A

vaginal bleeding

abnormal vaginal bleeding

dyspareunia

pelvic pain

weight loss

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16
Q

why might a patient with cervical cancer experience loin pain and haematuria

A

cancer has invaded local structures e.g. kidneys

17
Q

what 3 clinical examination can be used to investigate cervical cancer

A

speculum exam

bimanual exam

gi examination

18
Q

what does the speculum examination look for when investigating cervical cancer

A

evidence of bleeding, discharge or ulceration

19
Q

what does the bimanual examination look for in cervical cancer

A

assessing for pelvic masses

20
Q

give 3 differentials for cervical cancer

A 
STI
cervical ectropion 
polyps 
fibroids 
pregnancy related bleeding
21
Q

what is always important to rule out with post menopausal women

A

endometrial cancer

22
Q

what investigations should be carried out ina pre menopausal women

A

test chlamydia infec

colposcopy + biopsy

23
Q

what might you carry out imaging in cervical cancer patients

A

look for mets

24
Q

what does a radical trachelectomy involve

  1. removal of the uterus, vagina and parametrial tissues
  2. removal of the cervix and upper vagina
  3. removal of all pelvic structures e.g. bladder and rectum
A
  1. removal of the cervix and upper vagina
25
Q

what does a radical hysterectomy involve

  1. removal of the uterus, vagina and parametrial tissues
  2. removal of the cervix and upper vagina
  3. removal of all pelvic structures e.g. bladder and rectum
A
  1. removal of the uterus, vagina and parametrial tissues
26
Q

what does total pelvic extenteration involve

A
  1. removal of all pelvic structures e.g. bladder and rectum
27
Q

how often should a patient with a PMHx if cervical cancer be followed up/reviewed

A

every 4 months

28
Q

who is the national NHS cervical screening programme offered too

A

all women aged between 25-64 yrs + free opt out

29
Q

what does theNHS cervical screening programme involve

A

taking mid cycle samples of the cells from the transformation zone of the cervix

Gynae & Obs disorders (11 decks)

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