Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction and Sexual Health > Cervical Cancer > Flashcards

Cervical Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

most cervical cancers are what type

A

squamous cell carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

after squamous what is the most common type of cervical cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are most squamous cancers of the cervix caused by

A

HPV-70% due to HPV 16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which types of HPV are linked with cervical cancer

A

16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the risk factors for cervical cancer

A

smoking
STI long term contraception use
age of first sexual intercourse
immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does cervical cancer tend to present

A

abnormal vaginal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does stage 1a cancer mean

A

it is microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stage 1b

A

visible lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stage 2a

A

vaginal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stage 2b

A

parametrial involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stage 3

A

lower vagina/pelvic sidewall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stage 4

A

bladder/rectum or mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a nabothian cyst

A

a mucus cyst on surface of cervix, most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of ECTOcervix grows over the simple cCOLUMNAR EPITHELIUM of the endocervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the symptoms of cervicitis

A

non specific acute/chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can silent cervictiits cause and why

A

infertility due to simultaneous silent fallopian tube damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is follicular cervicitis

A

sub epithelial reactive lymphoid follicles present in cervix

17
Q

are cervical polyps premalignant

A

no

18
Q

what HPV type are genital warts

A

6 and 11

19
Q

describe the appearance of genital warts

A

condyloma acuminatum-thickened papillomatous squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic vaculoation (koilocytosis)

20
Q

what is CIN

A

pre-invasive stage of cervical cancer, occurs at the transformation zone, can involve a large area, dysplasia of squamous cells, not visible by naked eye, asymptomatic

21
Q

what does koilocytosis indicate

A

HPV infection

22
Q

what is CIN 1

A

basal 1/3 of epithelium occupied by abnormal cells
radised numbers of mitotic figures in lower 1/3
surface cells quite mature but nuclei slightly abnormal

23
Q

what is CIN II

A

abnormal cells extend to middle 1/3
mitoses in middle 1/3
abnormal mitotic figures

24
Q

CIN III

A

abnormal cells occupy full thickness of epithelium

mitoses often abnormal in upper 1/3

25
Q

what does invasive squamous carcinoma develop from

A

pre-existing CIN, therefore most cases should be preventable by screening

26
Q

what is CGIN

A

cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

27
Q

what are the problems with CGIN

A

more difficult to diagnose on cervical smear than squamous

28
Q

CGIN is preinvasive phase of what

A

endocervical adenocarcinoma

29
Q

what is the prognosis of adenocarcinoma compared to squamous

A

worse

30
Q

what is the epidemiology of adenocarcinoma

A

higher SE class, later onset of sexual activity, smoking, HPV particularly HPV 18

31
Q

what else is also caused by HPV

A

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN)
Anal Intrepithelial neoplasia (AIN)

32
Q

what is vulval intraepithelial neoplasia associated with

A

pagets disease

33
Q

what demographic tend to get vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

A

bimodal-young women (often multifocal, recurrent or persistent causing treatment problems), older women-greater risk of progression to invasive squamous carcinoma
three grades like CIN
often but not always HPV related

34
Q

describe features of Vulvar invasive squamous carcinoma

A

usually elderly women, ulcer or exophytic mass
most are well differentiated
spread to inguinal lymph nodes which is most important prognostic factor
surgical treatment-radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy

35
Q

describe vulvar pagets disease

A

crusting rash
tumour cells in epidermis, contain mucin
mostly no underlying cancer, tumour arises from sweat glands in skin

Reproduction and Sexual Health (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions