Cerebrum I

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

• The largest, most prominent part of the brain
• Grey matter is found superficial, and white matter is found deep (the opposite of the spinal cord)

Question 2

Cerebrum contents

Answer 2

• cerebral cortex
• subcortical structures (hippocampus, caudate nuclei, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb)

Question 3

Primary vesicles of the brain

Answer 3

-Prosencephalon
-Mesencephalon
-Rhombencephalon

Question 4

Prosencephalon

Answer 4

-Telencephalon (cerebrum)
-Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

Question 4

Rhombencephalon

Answer 4

-Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
-Myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 4

Development of the cerebrum

Answer 4

-rapid cell division in the grey matter results in increased thickening
-Folds because there is so much neural tissue but it is limited by the skull shape and size
- Myelinated axons= will have ascending tracts from spinal cord, descending tracts leaving the brain, and tracts within the brain synapsing on other areas inside the brain

Question 5

Cerebral cortex parts

Answer 5

-2 hemispheres
-grey matter of the cerebrum superficial, white matter deep called corpus callosum
-subcortical structures below

Question 6

Cerebral cortex naming based on bones

Answer 6

-Occipital cortex
-Temporal cortex
-Parietal cortex
-Frontal cortex

Question 7

Cerebral cortex naming based on functional units

Answer 7

-motor cortex (rostral to somatosensory; descending motor neurons going to spinal cord)
-somatosensory cortex (proprioceptive and pain information)
-auditory cortex (sits near temporal bone)
-visual cortex (sits near occipital bone)

Question 8

Somatotropy

Answer 8

-regions in the cortex have a topographical map from the periphery
>adjacent body structures have adjacent cortical areas
> ascending axons maintain spatial positioning relative to one another (even as they synapse in various brain regions)

Question 9

Right hemisphere of cerebral cortex

Answer 9

-Left side of body (motor and sensory)
-Left visual field (medial part of right eye, lateral part of left eye)

Question 10

Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Answer 10

-Right side of body (motor and sensory)
-Right visual field (lateral part of right eye, medial part of left eye)

Question 11

Tonotopic map

Answer 11

-various frequencies are represented in distinct areas of the auditory part of cortex

Question 12

Functions of cerebral cortex

Answer 12

1. required for voluntary movement (motor cortex)
2. Required for conscious sensory perceptions (somatosensory cortex)
   >exteroception
   > proprioception
   > pain
3. conscious vision- CN can be intact, but if there is damage to visual cortex than they still would be unable to process and see
4. vestibular integration (balance, posture)

Question 13

Lesions of cerebral cortex

Answer 13

-paresis/paralysis=UMN
-Hyperalgesia, loss of sensation
-Ataxia/proprioceptive deficits
-Loss of awareness of vision (cortical blindness), circling (to the side of lesion)
- Head turn (to the side of the lesion), ataxia, falling (to the side of the lesion), nystagmus (horizontal, rotary or vertical)
**typically will have a normal gait

Question 14

Hemineglect

Answer 14

-animal will ignore one side the the body because they cannot see it
-Lesion on right, animal will turn and look to the right because no left vision