Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Flashcards
An umbrella term that refers to a functional abnormality of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted.
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT / DISORDER
It is the primary cerebrovascular disorder
STROKE
The vein that is primarily affected during CVA
MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY
This CVA occurs during sleep which is caused by _____
THROMBOSIS
Common causes of CVA
- Thrombosis
- Embolism
- Cerebral hemorrhage
CVA that occurs during activities or waking hours is due to _____
HEMORRHAGE
Risk factors for CVA
- HTN
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial fibrillation
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Drugs & alcohol
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
These are caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the large blood vessels of the brain.
LARGE ARTERY THROMBOTIC STROKE
2 major categories of stroke:
- Ischemic - vascular occlusion & significant hypoperfusion
- Hemorrhagic - extravasation of blood into the brain or subarachnoid space
5 subdivided types of Ischemic stroke
- Large artery Thrombotic stroke (20%)
- Small penetrating artery thrombotic stroke (25%)
- Cardiogenic embolic stroke (20%)
- Cryptogenic stroke (30%)
- Others (5%)
Type of CVA that is caused by vascular occlusion & significant hypoperfusion
ISCHEMIC STROKE
Type of CVA that is caused by extravasation of blood into the brain or subarachnoid space
HEMORRHAGIC
An ischemic stroke, formerly referred to as a cerebrovascular accident or “brain attack,” is a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain.
ISCHEMIC STROKE
Thrombus formation and occlusion at
the site of the atherosclerosis may result in _______
Ischemia and Infarction
- This affects one or more vessels and are a common type of ischemic stroke
- Also called LACUNAR STROKE due to the cavity that is created after the death of infarcted brain tissue
SMALL PENETRATING ARTERY THROMBOTIC STROKE
It is a tissue necrosis in an area deprived of blood supply
INFARCTION
Small penetrating artery thrombotic stroke is also called as ____
LACUNAR STROKE
These type of strokes are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, usually atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, and thrombi in the left ventricle
CARDIOGENIC EMBOLIC STROKE
This is seen in pts with Ischemic stroke who also has COVID-19
HIGH D-DIMER LEVELS
Signs & Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke
- Motor loss
- Communication loss
- Sensory loss
- Cognitive Impairment
A type of ischemic stroke that will be resolved within 24 hours. It lasts in less that 1 hour.
- Also considers as warning sign of an impending stroke
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)
How many days will stroke (possibly) occur if you had a TIA?
90 days
Warning signs of TIA
- Sudden numbness/weakness
- Sudden confusion
- Sudden trouble seeing
- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- Sudden severe headache with no known cause
Diagnostic tests used for determining Hemorrhagic stroke
- Non-contrast CT scan
- CT angiography
- MRI
- Transcranial Doppler Flow Studies
- Transthoracic or Transesophageal Echocardiography
