Cerebrovascular

Question 1

In what part of the brain are blood vessels that form an extensive capillary bed?

Answer 1

Gray Matter

Question 2

What percentage of oxygen is consumed by the body for oxidation of glucose to provide energy?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

What is the brain totally dependent on for metabolism?

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

How long can the brain be without oxygen before irreversible brain damage occurs?

Answer 4

5 min

Question 5

What two pairs of arteries supply oxygen to the brain?

Answer 5

2 Internal Carotid Arteries

2 Vertebral Arteries

Question 6

Cerebral circulation is divided into what two areas?

Answer 6

Anterior and posterior circulation

Question 7

The anterior circulation includes:

Answer 7

internal carotid arteries
middle cerebral arteries
anterior cerebral arteries

Question 8

The posterior circulation includes:

Answer 8

vertebral arteries
basilar artery
posterior arteries

Question 9

Where do the vessels of the internal carotid artery originate?

Answer 9

left common carotid (directly off the aorta)

right common carotid (innominate artery, also off aorta)

Question 10

The common carotids branch to form:

Answer 10

external carotid arteries

internal carotid arteries

Question 11

What does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 11

face

scalp

Question 12

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 12

most of the hemispheres excluding the occipitals
basal ganglia
upper 2/3 diencephalon

Question 13

What is ‘ACA’

Answer 13

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 14

What is ‘MCA’

Answer 14

Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 15

What is ‘PCA’

Answer 15

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 16

What is the FIRST intracranial branch from the internal carotid artery?

Answer 16

Ophthalmic artery

Question 17

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

Answer 17

Orbits

Optic Nerves

Question 18

What does the ACA supply?

Answer 18

medial surfaces frontal/parietal lobes

Question 19

What does the MCA supply?

Answer 19

entire lateral surfaces of hemisphere (excludes occipital pole)

Question 20

Where do the vertebral arteries originate?

Answer 20

Subclavian arteries

Question 21

The two vertebral arteries unite at the level of the pons to form:

Answer 21

Singular basilar artery

Question 22

What do the vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 22

cerebellum brain stem
spinal cord occipital lobes
medial/inferior surfaces temporal lobes
posterior diencephalon

Question 23

The vertebral arteries, collaterals, anterior and posterior spinal arteries supply what?

Answer 23

length of the spinal cord

Question 24

What does the artery of Adamkiewicz supply?

Answer 24

caudal spinal cord

Question 25

What is the role of the dural sinuses?

Answer 25

provide cerebral venous drainage

Question 26

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 26

major division of the cerebrum

Question 27

What are the ‘regions’ of the diencephalon?

Answer 27

Thalamus Hypothalamus

Subthalamus Epithalamus

Question 28

What does the thalamus control?

Answer 28

conscious pain awareness RAS

focusing attention Limbic system

Question 29

What does the epithalamus control?

Answer 29

Growth/Development
Sleep/Wake Cycle - secretes Melatonin
Regulates food/water intake

Question 30

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 30

Temperature (sweat glands; shivering)
Water Metabolism (ADH)
Hypophyseal Secretions (GH; FSH)
Visceral/Somatic activities (ANS functions)
Visible physical expressions
sleep wakefulness cycle
circadian rhythms