Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RVT Review > Cerebrovascular > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What does TIA stand for, and what is its time span?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack, < 24 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does RIND stand for, and what is its time span?

A

Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit, > 1 day and < 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does CVA stand for, and what is its time span?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident, permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the three types of stroke.

A

Ischemic: most common; from thrombosis.
Embolic: from heart, neck, other.
Hemorrhagic: aneurysm, anticoaguation therapy, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Lacunar stroke.

A

Occlusive lesion in small perforating vessel of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List four risk factors for stroke.

A

Smoking
Hypertension
Arrhythmia (especially A-fib)
High cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are parasthesia, hemiparesis, aphasia, dysphasia, and dysarthria characteristic of a hemispheric (cerebral) problem, or a posterior (cerebellum) problem?

A

Hemispheric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are visual problems such as amaurosis fugax and transient monocular blindness characteristic of a hemispheric (cerebral) problem, or a posterior (cerebellum) problem?

A

Hemispheric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are drop attacks, ataxia, blackouts, vertigo, and syncope characteristic of a hemispheric (cerebral) problem, or a posterior (cerebellum) problem?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is diplopia (double vision) characteristic of a hemispheric (cerebral) problem, or a posterior (cerebellum) problem?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the great vessels which arise from the aortic arch, in order.

A

Innominate (brachiocephalic) artery
Left Common Carotid artery
Left Subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first branch of the Interior Carotid Artery?

A

Opthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the three segments of the ICA siphon, proximal to distal.

A

Parasellar
Genu
Supraclinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common variant of the great vessels coming from the aortic arch?

A

The Left CCA off of or sharing the origin of the innominate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two most common pre-Willision anastomoses?

A

ECA to STA

ECA to Facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Opening of collateral pathways is dependent upon these four factors:

A

Pressure gradients
Shared capillary beds
Patient age - more likely with the young
Time factor - slow progression of stenosis allows time for collateral development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two most common sites of Fibromuscular Dysplasia?

A

Renal arteries

Internal Carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is Fibromuscular Dysplasia more common in men or women?

A

Women (three time more common than in men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the four stages of atherosclerosis development.

A

Endothelial (intimal) injury
Inflammation - fatty streaks
Proliferation - smooth muscle cells & neovasculature; cap formation
Advanced - fibrosis, necrosis, cap rupture, embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List six risk factors for carotid dissection.

A 
Female < 40 years old
Hypertension
FMD
Blunt trauma to chest or  neck
Congenital defect such as Marfan's
Chiropractic manipulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List three symptoms of carotid dissection.

A

Neck pain on one side.
Headache or “ringing ears”.
Symptoms of CVA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some causes of thromboemboli of cardiac origin?

A

A-fib
Recent MI
CHF
Valve disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the structure between the ECA and ICA at the bifurcation which controls blood pressure and pH, and may form a form a vascular tumor?

A

Carotid Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A Subclavian Steal is most commonly found on which side of the body?

A

Left

25
Q

What is the cause of a Subclavian Steal?

A

Stenosis or occlusion in the proximal subclavian (or the innominate on right side), causing reversed flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery.

26
Q

If Subclavian Steal is compounded by carotid disease causing neurological symptoms, what is this termed?

A

Subclavian Steal Syndrome

27
Q

Resistance in a normal vertebral artery is:

A

Low

28
Q

The vertebral artery waveform will progress through these three stages as a subclavian steal progresses:

A

Early systolic deceleration - “bunny rabbit” waveform
To/Fro, Pendular waveform
Retrograde - fully developed steal

29
Q

What is the arm pressure differential criteria for assessing a subclavian steal?

A

≥ 20mmHg

30
Q

A subclavian artery which is a recipient of a steal will have what waveform?

A

Monophasic (whereas normal is triphasic)

31
Q

What is the percent stenosis with:
PSV > 125 cm/sec
EDV < 100 cm/sec

A

50-79%

32
Q

What is the percent stenosis with:
PSV > 125 cm/sec
EDV > 100 cm/sec

A

80-99%

33
Q

List four characteristic signs of occlusion as observed by duplex.

A

Resistant CCA flow with little or no diastolic flow
Thumping at start of occlusion
No flow detected in ICA
Compensatory flow in ipsilateral ECA

34
Q

List three items needed to identify a vessel during Transcranial Doppler.

A

Window used
Depth & angle
Velocity

35
Q

Which vessels may be insonated using the Transtemporal window?

A

MCA
ACA
PCA

36
Q

Which vessels may be insonated using the Transorbital window?

A

Opthalmic artery

Siphon of ICA

37
Q

Which vessels may be insonated using the Suboccipital window?

A

Vertebral arteries

Basilar artery

38
Q

Which layer of the cranial bones cause the most attenuation and scatter?

A

Middle layer

39
Q

MCA: window, depth, direction

A

Transtemporal, 30-60mm, toward

40
Q

ACA: window, depth, direction

A

Transtemporal, 60-80mm, away

41
Q

PCA: window, depth, direction

A

Transtemporal, 60-70mm, P1 toward, P2 away

42
Q

tICA: window, depth, direction

A

Transtemporal, 55-65mm, towards

43
Q

Opthalmic: window, depth, direction

A

Opthalmic, 40-60mm, towards

44
Q

Carotid siphon: window, depth, direction

A

Opthalmic, 60-80mm, towards/away/bi

45
Q

VA: window, depth, direction

A

Suboccipital, 60-90mm, Away

46
Q

BA: window, depth, direction

A

Suboccipital, 80-120mm, Away

47
Q

List the first three branches of the ECA, in order from proximal to distal.

A

Superior Thyroid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery

48
Q

Transient Monocular Blindness is also known as:

A

amaurosis fugax

49
Q

Define hemiparesis

A

Weakness of one side

50
Q

Formula for NASCET stenosis calculation?

A

stenosis diameter/ICA diameter distal to stenosis

51
Q

NASCET criteria for endarterectomy?

A

> 70% diameter reduction

52
Q

Define hemianopia.

A

Blindness in 1/2 of the visual field in one or both eyes. (Problem in MCA - anterior circulation.)

53
Q

Define amaurosis fugax.

A

Transient blindness, shades pulled down. Unilateral (anterior circulation). Considered a TIA.

54
Q

Define diplopia.

A

Double vision. (Posterior circulation problem.)

55
Q

Define Hollenhorst plaque.

A

A cholesterol embolus that is seen in a blood vessel of the retina. May indicate increased stroke risk.

56
Q

How many strokes are suffered each year?

A

500,000

57
Q

What is the velocity criteria for MCA vasospasm?

A

> 200 cm/sec

58
Q

Which Carotid artery normally has a prominent dicrotic notch? CCA, ECA, ICA?

A

ECA

RVT Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions