Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RVT Review > Abdominal > Flashcards

Abdominal Flashcards

1
Q

In 40% of people, the Hepatic artery arises from what artery rather than the Celiac?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which artery can be identified by its surrounding triangle of fat: Celiac, SMA, or IMA?

A

SMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does the Right Renal Artery pass superficial or deep to the IVC?

A

Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loss of the Early Systolic Peak is the first indication of disease in which arteries?

A

Renal Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which two veins join to form the Portal Vein?

A

Superior Mesenteric vein and Splenic vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of the blood is supplied to the liver by the Portal vein (versus the Hepatic artery)?

A

70-80% from the Portal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the segments of the Portal vein.

A

External Hepatic Portal Vein
Internal Hepatic Portal Vein
Right Portal Vein (Anterior and Posterior branches)
Left Portal Vein (Transverse and Umbilical branches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Doppler signature of the Portal venous system normally has these three attributes:

A

Low velocity
Subtle phasicity
Hepatopedal flow direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Portal flow away from the liver is given this term:

A

Hepatofugal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The normal diameter of the Portal vein is:

A

< 13mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Portal vein diameter larger than 13mm and diminished phasicity are signs of:

A

Portal Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal effect of deep inspiration on the Portal, Splenic, and Superior Mesenteric veins?

A

Increased diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differentiate hepatic from portal veins in their orientation; where they converge; their change in diameter; and their margins.

A

Hepatic longitudinal, Portal transverse.
Hepatic to IVC, Portal to porta hepatis.
Hepatic larger to IVC, Portal larger to porta hepatis.
Hepatic no sheath, Portal echogenic fibrous sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The normal diameter of the aorta is:

A

< 3 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The normal diameter of the iliac arteries is:

A

1.3 cm females, 1.5 cm males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List three risk factors for abdominal aortic aneuryism:

A

Sex (male)
Age
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The renal arteries are probably not involved with a AAA if the proximal portion of the aneurysm is how far from the SMA?

A

2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List four potential problems with endovascular grafts.

A

Endoleak (perigraft flow into aneurysm sack)
Endotension (sack diameter increases w/o leak)
Migration/Kinking
Disassociation (graft separates from native vessel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four types of Endoleaks?

A

Type 1: from anastomosis (1a: prox; 1b: distal)
Type 2: from Aorta branch
Type 3: From graft junctions or fabric tears
Type 4: From graft pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is meant by the “Two artery rule” regarding mesenteric ischemia?

A

Two of the three mesenteric (splanchnic) arteries need to be diseased in order to cause mesenteric ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compression of the Celiac artery causing pain during exhalation is termed:

A

Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

During which phase of respiration does Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome cause pain?

A

Exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the normal fasting waveform of these three arteries: Celiac; SMA; IMA.

A

Celiac: Low resistance

SMA & IMA: High resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the criteria for an abnormal SMA PSV?

A

≥ 275 cm/sec

25
Q

What is the criteria for an abnormal Celiac PSV?

A

≥ 200 cm/sec

26
Q

What does a low resistance signal in the SMA or IMA suggest while fasting?

A

Mesenteric ischemia, since the distal arterioles are dilated.

27
Q

What is the criteria for abnormal portal vein diameter?

A

> 13mm where PV passes over IVC

28
Q

What is the most common portosystemic shunt?

A

Coronary vein to gastroesophageal collaterals.

29
Q

Endoleak Type I

A

From proximal or distal anastamosis.

30
Q

Criteria for mesenteric ischemia (3)

A

2 of 3 splanchnic arteries stenosed or occluded
Celiac > 200 cm/sec
SMA > 275 cm/sec

31
Q

Endoleak Type II

A

From branch of the aorta (eg. IMA, etc.)

32
Q

Endoleak Type III

A

From junction between modular devices, or tears.

33
Q

Endoleak Type IV

A

Graft porosity.

34
Q

Causes of portal vein occlusion (4)

A

Thrombosis secondary to cirrhosis
Tumor from liver or panceas
Pancreatitis
Schistosomiasis

35
Q

Criteria for portal HTN (6)

A 
Flow < 15 cm/sec
PV diameter > 13mm
Splenomegaly > 13cm
Waveform to/fro or reversed
Hepatofugal direction of flow
Development of shunts
36
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome symptoms:(hepatic vein obstruction)

A 
hepatomegaly
abdominal pain
ascites
jaundice
hepatocellular dysfunction
37
Q

Renal artery progression

A 
Renal arteries
  >Anterior - 4 segmental arteries
  >Posterior - 1 segmental artery
  >Segmental arteries: in renal pelvis
    >Interlobar arteries (in parenchyma)
      >Arcuate arteries (curve around corticomedullary junction)
        >Cortical branches (in cortex)
38
Q

Criteria for Renal Artery Stenosis (5)(RAS)

A 
Renal/Aortic ratio > 3.5
PSV > 180 cm/sec
Accel time > 0.1 sec
Accel index < 300 cm/sec2
Loss of early systolic peak
39
Q

Criteria for aneurysm (1)

A

Diameter ≥ 1.5 times normal

40
Q

Types of aneurysms (4)

A

True: all layers stretched
Pseudo: hole in atrial wall
Dissecting: separation of intima and media
Mycotic: infection destroys part of wall causing rupture

41
Q

Renal artery doppler signature (2)

A

Low resistance

Early systolic peak

42
Q

Forms of aneurysms (4)

A

Fusiform/Diffuse (gradual)
Bulbous/Focal (sharp)
Concentric: equal all around
Saccular: off to one side

43
Q

Indications of Renovascular HTN (3)

A

Hypertension, esp. in younger patients
Decreased renal function
Abdominal bruit

44
Q

Hepatic vein Doppler signature

A

Phasic with pulsations from RA, often above and below baseline.

45
Q

Most common location for AAA?

A

Distal to the renal arteries.

46
Q

Symptoms of AAA?

A

Pain in abdomen, back, or legs.

47
Q

What is the 2 cm rule?

A

If the proximal portion of AAA is ≥2 cm beyond SMA origin, the renal arteries are probably not involved.

48
Q

3 objectives of aneurysm repair surveillance:

A

To determine if anastomoses feeding AAA.
To check for fluid collection.
To examine for hematoma, abcesses, pseudoaneurysms.

49
Q

Describe Median Arcuate Ligament syndrome:

A

The median arcuate ligament compresses the celiac artery during exhalation, causing pain.

50
Q

Describe the surgical anastomoses for renal allografts.

A

Renal artery: end-to-end for internal iliac artery, end-to-side for external iliac artery.
Renal vein: end-to-side for external iliac vein.
Ureter: to bladder with anti-reflux device.

51
Q

Kidney transplant complications (3):

A

Renal artery stenosis: from intimal damage.
Renal artery or Renal vein thrombosis: from surgical complications.
Pseudoaneurysms or artery to vein fistula (AVF).

52
Q

Portal vein HTN shunts (4):

A

Coronary-gastroesophageal
Splenorenal
Umbilical vein
Hemorrhoidal

53
Q

Criteria for renal parenchymal disease:

A

If Resistive Index > 80 then parenchymal disease, and fixing stenosis will not improve renal function.

54
Q

Formula for Resistive Index

A

RI = (PSV - EDV) / PSV

55
Q

Criteria for Aortic Aneurysm

A

> 3 cm diameter

56
Q

Criteria for Iliac Aneurysm

A

> 1.5 cm diameter

57
Q

Budd-Chiari Doppler signal

A

Changes from normal triphasic to monophasic, absent, reversed, or turbulant.

58
Q

Portal Cavernoma duplex signs (3)

A

Extrahepatic portal vein not visualized (no flow)
Multiple periport collaterals
Phasic flow in periport collaterals

59
Q

Thrombosis (Portal/IVC/Renal vein) duplex signs (3)

A

Visualization of thrombus
Lack of Doppler signal
Dilated vessel

RVT Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions