Cerebrovasclar Disorders Flashcards
What is a cerebrovascular disorder?
Damage (block/break) to blood vessels resulting from an underlying vascular disease
Why are CVDs the 3rd most common cause of death in developed countries?
CVD is very affected by lifestyle and environmental factors (e.g. high blood pressure - stress/cholesterol)
What does the brain need an uninterrupted supply of? Why?
O2 and glucose via the blood
The brain has no reservoir; needs >20% of entire O2 for normal functioning (children need up to 50%)
The term for cholesterol?
Hyperlipidermia
What are risk factors for CVD that you can’t control?
Age (older = higher risk due to normal deterioration) Family history (hx of strokes) Gender (more likely in men)
Risk factors for CVD you can control?
Hypertension Cholesterol Smoking Overweight Poor diet + no exercise Excessive alcohol (ETOH)
Medical conditions which are risk factors for CVD?
Heart disease (atrial fibrillation - irreg <3beat)
IHD - ischemic <3 disease
Diabetes
TIA - transient ischemic attack
What is a precursor to having a stroke (warning sign)?
TIA
Anoxia and Hypoxia?
Anoxia: total deprivation of O2
Unconscious/dead
Hypoxia: reduced supply of O2
Impaired concentration, STM, new learning & judgement
*Sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lesion:
Discontinuity of brain tissue (almost always loss in fx)
- darker/lighter area (depending on scan)
- demyelination may look similar to lesion on scan
Ischemia:
Inadequate blood supply
Infarct:
Area of dead cells caused by ischemia
Are ischemia and hypoxia the same?
Hypoxia = referring to event (resulting in either semi-perm or permanent cell death) Ischemia = also inadequate blood supply, but in other contexts too (can refer to both hypoxia and anoxia)
Necrosis
Irreversible neuronal cell death
4-6 anoxia
Severe hypoxia (possibility)
8-10 non-severe hypoxia (possibility)
How can blood supply be impaired?
Anoxia & hypoxia
Increase ICP suddenly
Blood spilling out of blood vessel (toxins interfere w/ brain metabolism)
Area of brain blood vessel supplies dictates symptoms
2 types of hydrocephalus?
- Communicating: blood mixes with CSF & interferes with reabsorption
- Obstructive: blocked CSF circulation
What causes obstructive hydrocephalus?
Kids - stenosis (artery narrowing)
Adults - tumors infiltrating ventricles
Breakdown of CVAs:
TIA - collectively called ischemia: short-lasting insufficient blood supply (no necrosis)
Infarction - severer loss of blood flow (necrosis)
Haemorrhage - bleeding & displacement of brain (more severe - permanent damage/death)