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NUR 206: Development > Cerebral Palsy > Flashcards

Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

Spastic (70% of all cases)

A

Tight stiff muscles

Can’t inhibit

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2
Q

Dyskinetic (athetoid)

A

Dystonia

Chorea- random dance like mvmts

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3
Q

Ataxic

A

Shaky or uncoordinated

Associated with cerebellum

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4
Q

Other symptoms

A

Pain from tight muscles and abnormal posture

Difficulty sleeping, leads to sleep disorders

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5
Q

Treatment

A

Aim is to improve quality of life
PT
Muscle relaxants
Surgery

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6
Q

ETIOLOGY

A

INTRAUTERINE INSULTS TO CNS

CONGENITAL

HYPOXIC

ISCHEMIC

INFECTIOUS

RATE OF CP INCREASES WITH DECREASING GESTATIONAL AGE

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7
Q

RISK FACTORS

A

INCREASED WITH ADVANCED OR YOUNG MATERNAL AGE

YOUNG PATERNAL AGE

AFRICAN AMERICAN ETHNICITY

MULTIPLE BIRTHS

CERTAIN MEDICAL DISORDERS SLIGHTLY INCREASE CHILD’S RISK OF CP

MATERNAL VIRAL INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY

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8
Q

PREVENTION

A

MATERNAL INFECTION PREVENTION

PREGNANT WOMEN KEEP CURRENT WITH VACCINATIONS

INJURY PREVENTION FOR INFANTS

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9
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

A

ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE

LACK OF COORDINATION

SPASTICITY

DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS

BACK ARCHING, LITTLE SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENT

VISUAL DEFECTS

FEEDING DIFFICULTIES

USUALLY DELAY IN DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

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10
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

A

BASED ON CLINICAL FINDINGS:

ULTRASONOGRAPHY USED TO DETECT FETAL, NEONATAL ABNORMALITIES OF BRAIN

CT SCANS

MRI

PET SCANS

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11
Q

SURGERY

A

MAY BE NEEDED TO IMPROVE FUNCTION BY BALANCING MUSCLE POWER AND STABILIZING UNCONTROLLABLE JOINTS

ACHILLES TENDON LENGTHENED

HAMSTRINGS RELEASED

PROCEDURES TO IMPROVE HIP ADDUCTION, CORRECT FOOT’S POSITION, CUT AFFERENT FIBERS

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12
Q

PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY

A

SEIZURE CONTROL

CONTROL SPASMS

MINIMIZE GI SIDE EFFECTS

BACLOFEN, ADMINISTERED BY INTRATHECAL PUMP

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13
Q

NONPHARMACOLOGIC

A

FOCUS ON DEVELOPING TO MAXIMUM LEVEL OF INDEPENDENCE

REFERRALS FOR PT, OT, SLP

BRACES, SPLINTS PROMOTE RANGE OF MOTION

EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
**PROGNOSIS DEPENDS ON LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT

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14
Q

NURSING PROCESS

A

FOCUS ON

  • EARLY INTERVENTION
  • PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS
  • SUPPORT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES
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15
Q

ASSESSMENT

A

HEALTH HISTORY

ASSESS AT EACH HEALTHCARE VISIT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS

SCREENING ASSESSMENTS

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16
Q

DIAGNOSIS

A

NURSING DIAGNOSES MAY INCLUDE:

RISK FOR INJURY

IMPAIRED MOBILITY

RISK FOR CONSTIPATION

IMPAIRED TISSUE INTEGRITY

IMPAIRED VERBAL COMMUNICATION

IMPAIRED HOME MAINTENANCE

CHRONIC PAIN

DELAYED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

CAREGIVER ROLE STRAIN

17
Q

PLANNING

A

GOALS MAY INCLUDE THAT CLIENT WILL:

REMAIN FREE FROM INJURY

DEMONSTRATE APPROPRIATE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT

MAINTAIN APPROPRIATE DIET TO MEET NUTRITIONAL NEEDS

MONITOR BONY PROMINENCES TO AVOID ALTERED SKIN INTEGRITY

18
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

Prevent Injury

A

CLIENT NEEDS TO RECEIVE THE DEGREE OF ASSISTANCE REQUIRED FOR SAFE AMBULATION

ORTHOTIC AND ASSISTIVE DEVICES ARE PROPERLY USED

ELIMINATE ALL OBSTACLES FROM WALKWAYS

PROVIDE ADEQUATE LIGHTING

SAFETY BELTS FOR CHILDREN IN STROLLERS AND WHEELCHAIRS

19
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

Provide adequate nutrition

A

HIGH-CALORIE DIETS, SUPPLEMENTS

MANY CHILDREN HAVE DIFFICULTY CHEWING AND SWALLOWING

20
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

MAINTAIN SKIN INTEGRITY

A

PROTECT BONY PROMINENCES

MONITOR SKIN INTEGRITY

MAINTAIN BODY ALIGNMENT

21
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

PROMOTE PHYSICAL MOBILITY

A

RANGE-OF-MOTION EXERCISES

ADAPTIVE, ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

22
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

PROMOTE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

A

NOT NECESSARILY INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED

USE TERMINOLOGY APPROPRIATE FOR CHILD’S DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL

HELP CHILD DEVELOP POSITIVE SELF-IMAGE

23
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

FOSTER PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE

A

TEACH ABOUT CHILD’S SPECIAL NEEDS

TEACH ADMINISTRATION, DESIRED EFFECTS, AND SIDE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS PRESCRIBED FOR SEIZURES

NEED FOR DENTAL CARE FOR CHILDREN TAKING ANTICONVULSANTS

24
Q

IMPLEMENTATION

Provide emotional support

A

PROVIDE EMOTIONAL SUPPORT

REFER TO COUNSELING IF APPROPRIATE

25
Q

EVALUATION

A

EXPECTED OUTCOMES MAY INCLUDE:

CLIENT’S GROWTH IS APPROPRIATE FOR AGE

CLIENT MEETS DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES APPROPRIATE FOR AGE

CLIENT’S NUTRITIONAL STATUS IS ADEQUATE FOR AGE, ENERGY NEEDS

NUR 206: Development (12 decks)

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