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Neuro 1 > Cerebral Hemispheres: Superficial Structures > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres: Superficial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

separates the precentral gyrus (motor) from the postcentral gyrus (sensory). Continues on to the medial surface separating the rostral paracentral lobule (motor) from the caudal paracentral lobule (sensory).

A

Central sulcus

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2
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

A

Lateral fissure

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3
Q

insular cortex lies deep in the ___________

A

lateral fissure

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4
Q

located anterior to the central sulcus and referred to as the “executive” lobe. Contains the primary motor cortex, premotor and supplementary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, the motor speech cortex, and the olfactory association cortex. Sits in anterior fossa.

A

Frontal lobe

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5
Q

Frontal lobe referred to as “____” lobe

A

executive

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6
Q

located posterior to the central sulcus and extends posteriorly to the occipito-temporal fissure and an imaginary line from the occipito-temporal fissure to the preoccipital notch. Consists of the postcentral gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules, and the cuneus.

A

Parietal lobe

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7
Q

Located posterior to the occipito-temporal fissure and an imaginary line from the occipito-temporal fissure to the preoccipital notch. Sits above tentorium cerebelli.

A

Occipital lobe

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8
Q

Consists of temporal gyri (superior, middle, inferior), occcipio-temporal gyri, parahippocampal gyrus, and the hippocampal formation from which the fornix arises. Sits in middle (cerebral) fossa.

A

Temporal lobe

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9
Q

– responsible for initiating the motor/behavioral responses to the information collected

A

frontal lobe (executive)

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10
Q

shape, form, texture, color, moving or not moving - connects with the prefrontal cortex and temporal/occipital cortex to tell events that are occurring

A

parietal/occipital lobe (where)

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11
Q

connects to the parietal/occipital cortex, prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus (memory) and amygdala (emotion) to tell what is occurring

A

temporal/occipital lobe (what)

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12
Q

Frontal lobe contains what cortices (6)

A

Contains the primary motor cortex, premotor and supplementary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, the motor speech cortex, and the olfactory association cortex.

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13
Q

Primary motor cortex

A 
Precentral gyrus (area 4) - lateral
Anterior paracentral lobule (area 4) - medial
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14
Q

– located on the medial surface with the rostral portion being primary motor cortex and the caudal portion being primary sensory cortex.

A

paracentral lobule

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15
Q

precentral gyrus organization

A

motor homunculus
somatotopic organization; head and neck toward lateral fissure (down) with more innervation, hand in the middle, lower extremity on the medial surface with less

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16
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus contains

A

motor speech area (Broca’s)

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17
Q

Middle frontal gyrus contains

A

premotor and supplementary motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex; caudal portion contains the **voluntary motor eyefields

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18
Q

superior frontal gyrus contains

A

contains premotor and supplementary motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex

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19
Q

premotor area function

A

motor programming or indirect motor movement control

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20
Q

premotor area locatoin

A

anterior to motor cortex

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21
Q

supplementary motor area (motor programming, micturation control center) location

A

medial continuation of premotor area (anterior to paracentral lobule)

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22
Q

Frontal eye fields (control voluntary eye movements) location

A

caudal middle/superior frontal gyri

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23
Q

Function: Attention, motivation (apathy, ambition, sense of responsibility), planning, problem solving, control of behavior, social skills, emotional behavior, working memory (short-term or intermediate memory)

A

Prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral*, dorsomedial, orbitofrontal)

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24
Q

Function: Programming (formulation of speech)

A

Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular/triangular) – left side (Broca’s area – areas 44, 45)

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25
Q

Broca’s area numbers

A

44,45

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26
Q

Function: Language expression (prosody of speech)

A

Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular/triangular) – right side (Broca’s area) – expression (on right side, like emphasis, whispering, etc)

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27
Q

Primary sensory cortex location

A 
Postcentral gyrus (areas 3,1,2)
Posterior paracentral lobule (areas 3,1,2)
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28
Q

Primary sensory cortex organization

A

Sensory homunculus

face on outside down up to UE, then to leg –> genitals inside (very innervated)

29
Q

Function: somatosensory association (differentiation of structures)

A

Superior parietal lobe (areas 5,7), precuneus (medial surface of superior pareital lobule)

30
Q

Function: multimodal association (integration of somatosensory, vision, auditory information)

A

inferior parietal lobule

31
Q

medial surface of superior parietal lobule =

A

precuneus (somatosensory association)

32
Q

analytical skills where

A

LEFT posterior parietal lobule

33
Q

visuospatial orientation skills where

A

RIGHT posterior parietal lobule

34
Q

Primary visual cortex location

A

calcarine cortex (17) in occipital lobe

35
Q

Visual association cortex location

A

lateral, medial and inferior occipital gyri (18,19)

36
Q

above calcarine fissure

A

cuneus (occipital lobe) = lower visual field

37
Q

below calcarine fissure

A

lingual gyrus (occipital lobe) = upper visual field

38
Q

involuntary cortical eye fields (pursuit) location

A

lateral occipital gyri (18,19)

39
Q

auditory association cortex location

A

Superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area - 22)

40
Q

Memory storage where

A

middle and inferior temporal gyri (temporal lobe)

41
Q

transverse temporal gyri

A

superior surface of superior temporal gyrus and covered by frontal/parietal lobes (opercula) = primary auditory cortex
Heschl’s (41,42)

42
Q

primary auditory cortex location

A

transverse temporal gyri
superior surface of superior temporal gyrus and covered by frontal/parietal lobes (opercula)
Heschl’s (41,42)

43
Q

Function: integrates visceral input (olfactory, gustatory, general sensory)

A

long and short insular gyri

44
Q

– located inferior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum; serves as one component of the limbic lobe and system.

A

subcallosal area

45
Q

located in the rostral portion of the parahippocampal gyrus; contains the amygdaloid nucleus that is involved with emotional memory.

A

uncus

46
Q

function: Part of limbic lobe (system); rostral portion serves as primary olfactory area; hippocampal formation located medially

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

47
Q

areas on either side of calcarine fissure =

function

A

lungual gyrus, cuneus = primary visual cortex

occipital lobe

48
Q

5 parts of limbic lobe

A

subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation - forms ring of tissue around medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Connect neocortex and hippocampal formation.

49
Q

separates two lateral ventricles

A

septum pellucidum

50
Q

connects lateral and third ventricles

A

interventricular foramen (of monro)

51
Q

connects temporal lobes of two hemispheres

A

anterior commissure

52
Q

rostral end of developing CNS

A

lamina terminalis

53
Q

separates parietal/occipital lobes (cuneus from precuneus) on medial surface

A

parieto-occipital sulcus/fissure

54
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects 2 cerebral hemispheres

55
Q

part of the limbic system - connects hippocampal formation to septal area and mammilary nucleus

A

fornix

56
Q

thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerve, mammillary body, posterior commissure, pineal gland and third ventricle –>

A

diencephalon

57
Q

function: sensory, motor and association nuclei

A

thalamus

58
Q

function: regulation of pituitary gland and ANS

A

hypothalamus

59
Q

function: part of limbic circuit, termination of fornix and beginning of mammillothalamic tract

A

mammillary body

60
Q

function: melatonic

A

pineal gland

61
Q

function: connects pretectal area; involved in visual reflexes

A

posterior commissure

62
Q

part of the prefrontal cortex and involved as the olfactory association cortex.

A

orbital gyri of frontal lobe

63
Q

olfactory nerves synapse where

A

olfactory bulb

64
Q

primary olfactory cortex

A

rostral portion of parahippocampal gyrus/uncus

65
Q

olfactory association cortex

A

orbital gyri of frontal lobe

66
Q

primary visual cortex

A

calcarine cortex (lingual gyrus and cuneus) of occipital lobe

67
Q

The inability to understand or recognize the significance of sensory stimuli, although the sensory pathways and the primary sensory cortex are intact. Therefore, the lesion is related to cortical association areas (cerebrum)(somesthetic, visual, auditory).

A

agnosia

68
Q

The inability to carry out a motor action in response to a verbal (written) request in the absence of paresis/paralysis, sensory abnormality, comprehension deficit, or disturbance of coordination (ataxia). Generally associated with the dominant cerebral hemisphere (left).

A

Apraxia

69
Q

A defect in language processing caused by brain lesions, not caused by mental deficits, disturbances in sense organs, or paralysis of muscles for speech; develop as a consequence of lesions in the dominant cerebral hemisphere; most cases are caused by stroke, head injury, cerebral tumors, or degenerative dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease.

A

aphasia

Neuro 1 (13 decks)

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