Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Sulcus (dip), gyrus (elevation), fissure (deeper dip), grey matter on surface, white matter inside , basal ganglion in white matter, lateral ventricle is the cavity in each hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main fissure separating each hemisphere?

A

Median longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Large white matter tract that connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What separates the pre and post-central gyrus?

A

Central sulcus
Also separates the frontal and parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What separates the frontal and temporal lobes?

A

Lateral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is separated by the cingulate sulcus?

A

Parietal and frontal lobes
Is on medial surface of the hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the frontal lobe split into?

A

Split into superior, middle and inferior gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the temporal lobe split into?

A

Superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the parietal lobe split into?

A

Superior and inferior parietal lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the insula of the brain

A

Found in transverse temporal gyri - Heschl’s convolutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which part of the brain is motor and which part is sensory?

A

Posterior part after central sulcus is sensory and anterior part is motor
There are primary sensory areas ad associated areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Storage and retrieval of processed information
Limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the frontal lobe motor or sensory?

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe

A

Area 4 - pre-central gyrus
Somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body - motor homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What area is the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Broca’s area of motor speech
Area 44 and 45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobe?

A

Cognitive functions of higher order intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of neurons is the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary sensory area of the parietal lobe?

A

Post central gyrus - Area 3,1,2
Receives general sensations from contralateral half of body
Somatotopic representation - sensory homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the superior parietal lobule?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory associated area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory association areas
In dominant hemisphere contributes to language functions

22
Q

What happens if there is parietal lobe lesion?

A

Hemisphere neglect
Right left agnosia
Acalculia - signs of dementia
Agraphia - inability to spell and communicate by writing

23
Q

What are the main functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing and smell

24
Q

What is the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Primary auditory cortex
Areas 41 and 42

25
Q

What are the auditory association areas of the temporal lobe?

A

Posterior to 41 and 42
In dominant hemisphere is called the Wernicke’s area
Crucial for understanding for spoken word and has connections with other language areas

26
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

27
Q

What are the main areas of the occipital lobe?

A

On medial surface - on either side of calcarine sulcus is the primary visual cortex (area 17)
Rest is visual association cortex (areas 18 and 19) and concerned with interpretation of visual images

28
Q

Where is the limbic lobe?

A

Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere has areas which together form functional limbic lobe

29
Q

What is the function of the functional limbic lobe?

A

Memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

30
Q

What does the limbic lobe include?

A

Cingulate gyrus, the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala

31
Q

What are the language areas of the brain?

A

Broca’s area is the motor speech area
Wernicke’s area is auditory association in dominant hemisphere

32
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain

33
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Understands speech but misses small works, is aware of difficulties
Damage to frontal lobe
Weakness/paralysis of one side of body

34
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent speech, with new meaningless words as cant understand speech and doesn’t know of mistakes
Damage to temporal lobe
No paralysis

35
Q

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres bundled into tracts?

A

Commissural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

36
Q

What is the function of commissural fibres?

A

Connect corresponding areas of two hemispheres

37
Q

What is the function of the association fibres?

A

Connects of part of cortex with other and may be short or long
Short connect primary and association areas
Long connect lobes

38
Q

What is the function of projection fibres?

A

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
Pass through corona radiata and internal capsule

39
Q

Describe a 3D cerebral tractography

A

3D modelling technique that maps functional white matter tracts using data collected using MRI
Based on symmetry of brain water diffusion

40
Q

Describe the internal capsule

A

Made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex
Narrow area between thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the internal capsule?

A

Middle cerebral artery and is frequently affected by strokes

42
Q

Describe the basal ganglia

A

Subcortical nuclei (collection of neuronal cell bodies in grey matter) deep in each cerebral hemisphere
Made up of caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
Also a part is the substantia nigra

43
Q

What are the individual basal ganglia?

A

Caudate (has tail)
Putamen (hard shell)
Globus pallidus (pale globe)
Substantia nigra (lies in midbrain)
Subthalamic nuclei

44
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

45
Q

Where is the caudate nucleus?

A

Starts as large head medial to internal capsule, a body and slender curving tail which follows curve of the lateral ventricle

46
Q

What are the input regions of basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen
Receive input from motor cortex, premotor cortex and thalamus

47
Q

What are the output regions of basal ganglia?

A

Input region connected to output regions
Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

48
Q

Where does the globus pallidus project to?

A

Primarily to the thalamus which sends fibres to motor area of cortex

49
Q

What is the main function of the basal ganglia?

A

Help regulate initiation and termination of movements
They play a role in controlling the motor system - extrapyramidal system

50
Q

What pathology can be associated with basal ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s, chorea and athetosis

Neuro (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions