Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

Question

Explain Wernicke's aphasia?

Answer 1

"You know that smoodle pinkered & that I want to get him round & him like you want before" Fluent speech, with new meaningless words, can't understand speech, doesn't know of mistakes Damage to temporal lobe No paralysis

Answer 2

3 types of myelinated axon fibres bundles into tracts 1. Commisural fibres connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres. (Corpus callosum) 2. Association fibres connect one part of the cortex with the other. They may be short or long 3. Projection fibres run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres. They pass through the corona radiata and the internal capsule

Answer 3

Tractography is a recent 3D modelling technique that maps functional white matter tracts using data collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on symmetry of brain water diffusion, this method offers visually stunning in vivo localisation of short and medium-length neural tracts, which was previously impossible

Answer 4

- The internal capsule is made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex - It is narrow area between the thalamus and caudat nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally. - It derives blood supply from the middle cerebral artery and is frequently affected in a stroke

Answer 5

- Subcortical nuclei (collection of neuronal cell bodies- grey matter) deep within each cerebral hemisphere - Made up of the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus - Substantia nigra in midbrain is functionally part of them though not anatomically

Answer 6

- The one with the tail - Caudate - The putamen - (which actually means the hard shell) - The ahrd shell + the globe form a lens like structure - the Lentiform nucleus - The black substance - Substantia nigra ( this lies in the midbrain) - The subthalamic nucleii

Answer 7

* The caudate nucleus starts as a large head medial to the internal capsule, a body and a slender curving tail which follows the curve of the lateral ventricle. * Lateral to the internal capsule is the lentiform nucleus made up of the putamen laterally and globus pallidus medially. * Lying in the wall of the lateral ventricle is the caudate nucleus * Lying beside the third ventricle is the thalamus (diencephalon) * Lateral to the caudate and thalamus lies the internal capsule * Lateral to the internal capsule is the lentiform nucleus made up of the globus medially and putamen laterally

Answer 8

1. The caudate nucleus and the putamen are the ‘input regions’ receiving input from the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and from thalamus. 2. They are in turn connected to the output regions – the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. 3. The globus pallidus then projects primarily to the thalamus (which inturn sends fibres to motor area of cortex)

Answer 9

* The major function of the basal ganglia is to help regulate **initiation and termination of movements**. * Because they play a role in controlling the motor system they are often referred to as the “extrapyramidal system” * Pathology: Parkinson’s, chorea, athetosis etc.

Answer 10

* Cerebral hemispheres – outer grey matter, inner white matter, deep in the white matter- basal ganglia (grey matter). * Median longitudinal fissure separates 2 lobes, corpus callosum connects.Central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus. * Frontal lobe – thinking, motor cortex, Broca’s speech area. * Parietal lobe – sensory * Temporal lobe – Auditory, Wernicke’s area (language), smell. * White matter – association, commisural & projection fibres. * Basal ganglia – control movement by connecting to motor cortex .(Starting and stopping of movements).