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Neurology > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a division of the…..

A

Peripheral nervous system
Efferent nervous system

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2
Q

Whats the organisation of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system:
- Afferent (sensory) nerves
- Efferent (motor) nerves

  • Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
  • Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
    • Parasympathetic nervous system
      • Sympathetic nervous system
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3
Q

Sympathetic nerves have….

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

Short preganglionic and long post ganglionic fibres

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4
Q

Sympathetic ganglia are located in….

A

Prevertebral ganglia

Paravertebral ganglia

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5
Q

Describe sympathetic vs parasympathetic

A

Crinial and sacral are muscarinic

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6
Q

In the parasympathetic syste the synapses between post ganglionic cells and their targets are….

A

Cholinergic and muscarinic

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7
Q

Post-ganglionic cells in the adrenal medulla …..

A

Release adrenaline

Have no axons

Are part of the sympathetic system

Contribute to mass activation

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8
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline act on…

A

Adrenergic receptors

Alpha receptors

Beta receptors

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9
Q

Adrenergic vs Cholinergic

A

Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):

  • Alpha receptors
  • Beta receptors

Acetylcholine:

  • Nicotinic receptors
  • Muscarinic receptors
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10
Q

Adrenergic vs Cholinergic

A

Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):

  • Alpha receptors
  • Beta receptors

Acetylcholine:

  • Nicotinic receptors
  • Muscarinic receptors
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10
Q

Adrenergic vs Cholinergic

A

Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):

  • Alpha receptors
  • Beta receptors

Acetylcholine:

  • Nicotinic receptors
  • Muscarinic receptors
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11
Q

In the eye activation of the sympathetic system causes…

A

Contraction of the radial muscle of the iris

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle surrounding the lens

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12
Q

Eye drops used to dilate the pupil of the eye may contain…

A
  • A muscarinic antagonist
  • An alpha 1 agonist
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13
Q

In the heart, parasympathetic activation causes….

A
  • Release of acetylcholine
  • A decrease in heart rate
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14
Q

In blood vessels, activation of…

A

Sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation

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15
Q

In some blood vessels, activation of the sympathetic system causes vasodilation because….

A

They express beta2 receptors

16
Q

In the lung, activation of the sympathetic system causes…

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle

17
Q

Clinical applications are?

A
  • Side effects and contraindications of drugs affecting the ANS should be predictable
  • Autonomic neuropathy may be the cause of syncope, bladder problems, bowel problems, etc
  • Diagnosis and progress of disease can be monitored by tests of autonomic function, eg
  • cardiovascular response to deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, tilt test

Neurology (12 decks)

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