Autonomic nervous system Flashcards
The autonomic nervous system is a division of the…..
Peripheral nervous system
Efferent nervous system
Whats the organisation of the nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system:
- Afferent (sensory) nerves
- Efferent (motor) nerves
- Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
- Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nerves have….
Thoracolumbar outflow
Short preganglionic and long post ganglionic fibres
Sympathetic ganglia are located in….
Prevertebral ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia
Describe sympathetic vs parasympathetic
Crinial and sacral are muscarinic
In the parasympathetic syste the synapses between post ganglionic cells and their targets are….
Cholinergic and muscarinic
Post-ganglionic cells in the adrenal medulla …..
Release adrenaline
Have no axons
Are part of the sympathetic system
Contribute to mass activation
Adrenaline and noradrenaline act on…
Adrenergic receptors
Alpha receptors
Beta receptors
Adrenergic vs Cholinergic
Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):
- Alpha receptors
- Beta receptors
Acetylcholine:
- Nicotinic receptors
- Muscarinic receptors
Adrenergic vs Cholinergic
Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):
- Alpha receptors
- Beta receptors
Acetylcholine:
- Nicotinic receptors
- Muscarinic receptors
Adrenergic vs Cholinergic
Noradrenaline (& adrenaline):
- Alpha receptors
- Beta receptors
Acetylcholine:
- Nicotinic receptors
- Muscarinic receptors
In the eye activation of the sympathetic system causes…
Contraction of the radial muscle of the iris
Relaxation of the ciliary muscle surrounding the lens
Eye drops used to dilate the pupil of the eye may contain…
- A muscarinic antagonist
- An alpha 1 agonist
In the heart, parasympathetic activation causes….
- Release of acetylcholine
- A decrease in heart rate
In blood vessels, activation of…
Sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
In some blood vessels, activation of the sympathetic system causes vasodilation because….
They express beta2 receptors
In the lung, activation of the sympathetic system causes…
Relaxation of smooth muscle
Clinical applications are?
- Side effects and contraindications of drugs affecting the ANS should be predictable
- Autonomic neuropathy may be the cause of syncope, bladder problems, bowel problems, etc
- Diagnosis and progress of disease can be monitored by tests of autonomic function, eg
- cardiovascular response to deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, tilt test
