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Neuro Anatomy > Cerebral Hemisphere > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemisphere Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebrum is
made of two cerebral
hemispheres which
are incompletely
separated from each
other by

A

the median longitudinal fissure

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2
Q

The two hemisphere
are connected to each
other across the
median plane by
the

A

corpus callosum

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3
Q

Each hemisphere
contains a cavity
called the

A

lateral
ventricle.

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4
Q

Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere are

A

4
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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5
Q

Surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere are

A

3/4
Superior Lat., median, INFERIOR (orbital & Tentorial surface)

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6
Q

Borders of the cerebral hemisphere are

A

4
Sup.mid Border= seperates medial surface from sup. Lat. Surface
Inf.lat Border = seperates sup.lat. surface from inferior surface
Mid.orbital Border= seperates medial surface from orbitalsurface
Mid.occipitotemporal Border = seperates mid. Surface from tentorial surface

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7
Q

Poles of the cerebral hemisphere are
The four main sulci of the cerebral hemisphere are?

A

4
Frontal pole= ant. Pole of frontal lobe
Temporal pole= ant. Pole of temporal lobe
Parietal pole
Occipital pole= pst. Pole

lateral sulcus of Sylvius, Central sulcus of Rolando, Calcarine sulcus, and Parieto-occipital sulcus

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8
Q

Sulci on the superolateral
surface

A

1- Lateral sulcus:
2- Central sulcus
3-
Pre
central sulcus
4- post
central sulcus
5- sup. Frontal sulcus
6- inf. Frontal sulcus
7- sup. Temporal sulcus
8- inf. Temporal sulcus
9- intraperietal sulcus
10- parietooccipital sulcus
11- lunate sulcus

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9
Q

READ MORE ON THE LOCATION

A
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10
Q

Other lobes of the brain

A

Insula or insular lobe: located at the bottom of the lateral sulcus, not visible from the surface.
Limbic lobe: part of the limbic system.

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11
Q

The limbic system is a group of brain structures that play a crucial role in regulating emotions, memory, and behaviors related to survival

A

Key structures within the limbic system include the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cingulate gyrus.

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12
Q

Sulci on the medial
surface are

A

6
Central sulcus
Sulcus singuli
Callosal sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
Post. Calcarine sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus

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13
Q

Gyri on the medial
surface

A

6
Gyrus Cinguli
Medial frontal gyrus
Para central lobule
Precuneus
Cuneus
Lingual gyrus

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14
Q

Sulci on the inferior surface of the brain

A

olfactory sulcus
Orbital sulcus
Rhinal sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Occipitotemporal sulcus

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15
Q

Gyri on the inferior surface of the brain

A

Lateral and medial occipito-temporal gyrus
Orbital gyri
Gyrus rectus
Ligual gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus (center of smell)

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16
Q

These covering of the insula is known as _____. These are _____ in
number

A

opercula
4 the frontal operculum and the temporal operculum and parietal opercula

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17
Q

The lateral sulcus is a groove in the brain that separates the
And it’s function

A

the temporal lobe from parietal lobe
And it contains a stem that seperates the temporal lobe form orbital surface
It also transmits the middle cerebral artery

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18
Q

There are three branches of the lateral sulcus: .

A

the anterior horizontal branch,
the anterior ascending branch,
and the posterior ramus

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19
Q

The gyrus and sulcus of each lobe
No.

A

Front 2 sulcus, 3 gyrus
Temporal 2 sulcus 3 gyrus
Parietal 1 sulcus 2 gyrus
Occipital 1 sulcus 2 gyrus

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20
Q

What are the types of nerve cells in the cortex

A

Pyramidal cells
Stellate cells
Fisiform cells
Horizontal cells of cajal

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21
Q

Xteristic of pyramidal cells

A

Pyramidal cells are the most abundant type of neurons in the cortex.
Triangular in shape
Pyramidal cells have a large dendrite extending from the apex and axons from their base
yramidal cells use the neurotransmitters glutamate or aspartate
Pyramidal cells may terminate in different parts of the CNS

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22
Q

Xteristic of satellite cells

A

They are short and always remain within the cortex
Stellate cells use either glutamate or GABA as neurotransmitters

23
Q

The primary motor area is located at
& no.

A

is located in the precentral gyrus on the surface of the brain hemisphere and in the anterior part of the paracentral lobule on the medial surface.
Area 4

24
Q

Stimulation of the paracentral lobule produces movements in the_______ The upper part of the precentral gyrus represents the _______ while the lower part represents_____&

A

lower limbs.
trunk and upper limbs,
Head and face

25
Q

What’s the motor homunculus

A

The upside down representation of the human body at the motor area of the cortex

26
Q

relatively large areas of the cortex are dedicated to representing the hands and lips, which have fine motor control and precise movements
The more fine the movement the more data required

A
27
Q

Area 4 =

A

Motor

28
Q

Area of pre motor cortex

A

6&8

29
Q

_______ fibers, responsible for motor control

A

Corticospinal

30
Q

Xteristic of pre motor area

A

Ant. To primary motor cortex
The premotor area is involved in programming intended movements and controlling movements in progress.
The motor area contains large pyramidal cells

31
Q

_______ fibers, responsible for motor control,

The supplementry motor area lies @

A

Corticospinal

Medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

32
Q

Both the 4- 6&8 are located in the frontal lobe

A

Primary motor, pre motor and supplemenary motor area

33
Q

The motor Speech area is also called

A

Broca’s area

34
Q

Where is the broca’s area located

A

In the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere

35
Q

What comes together to make speech possible

A

Broca’s area
the sensory speech area of Wernicke in the temporal and parietal lobes
The supplementary motor area (MI).

36
Q

Function of broca’s, Wernicke in the temporal and parietal lobes, and the supplementary motor area (MI).

A

Broca’s
plays a crucial role in the planning and coordination of the movements required for speech production. ( difficulty in speaking)
Wernicke
comprehension of language.( difficulty understanding)
Supplementary motor area
initiation of voluntary movements, including speech I. E motor coordination( difficulties in initiating speech)

37
Q

Motor speech area No.

A

44&45

38
Q

The sensory area, located in the

A

postcentral gyrus

39
Q

proprioceptive impulses is felt at area ____ of the somatosensory1 area

A

Area 2

40
Q

Cutaneous stimulus is felt at area _____of somatosensory1 area

A

Area 3

41
Q

Sumatosensory2 is located in the

A

superior lip of the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus

42
Q

The second somatosensory area is related to what type of sensation
And it receives impulses from _______&________

A

Pain, temperature and vibration
Thalamus and First somatosensory area

43
Q

Damage to the first somatosensory area (SI) causes.

A

loss of sensation on the opposite side of the body

44
Q

Damage to the second somatosensory area (SII) can lead .

A

to an inability to perceive pain and temperature

45
Q

What are the sensory areas of the brain

A

First somatosensory
Second somatosensory
Sensory speech area Wernicke’s Area

46
Q

Wernicke’s Area lies in ______ and what’s it’s area No.

A

Pst. Part of sup. & Middle. Temporal gyrus
39&40

47
Q

The lateral sulcus:

It is a groove in the brain.
It has a stem or branch that separates the temporal surface (related to the sides of the brain) from the orbital surface (related to the front part of the brain).

A
48
Q

The lateral sulcus:
It allows the passage of the middle cerebral artery, an important blood vessel in the brain.

A
49
Q

The lateral sulcus:
It has different parts:
a) Anterior horizontal part.
b) Anterior ascending part.
c) Posterior ramus (branch).

A
50
Q

The central sulcus:

It is another groove in the brain.
It is located approximately in the middle of the upper part of the superolateral surface (upper and side part of the brain).

A
51
Q

The central sulcus:
It starts on the medial surface (inner side of the brain) and cuts through the superomedial border (upper and middle border of the brain).
It is situated half an inch behind the midpoint of the frontal (front) and occipital (back) poles of the brain.

A
52
Q

It extends downwards and forwards and ends near the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus (the branch at the back of the lateral sulcus).

A
53
Q

Visual areas no. @ occipital lobe

A

17,18,19

Neuro Anatomy (6 decks)

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