Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology final > cerebral cortex > Flashcards

cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

which layer of the cerebral cortex is mostly axons?

A

layer 1- molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which layer is mostly granule cells?

A

layer II- external granule

layer IV- main granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which layer is dominated by pyramidal layers?

A

layer III- primary

layer V- giant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which layer is dominated by all types of cells, stellate, pyramidal, fusiform?

A

layer VI- multiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

excitatory granule cells release what neurotransmitter?

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inhibitory granule cells release what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which cell type is the least numerous of the 3 cell types in the cerebral cortex and gives rise to output fibers from cortex?

A

fusiform cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 major cell types of cerebral cortex?

A

pyramidal
granule
fusiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which cells are a source of corticospinal projections and major efferent cells?

A

pyramidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most output leaves the cortex via which layers?

A

V and VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most incoming sensory signals terminate in which layer?

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most intracortical association functions happen in which layers?

A

I-III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of connections are extremely important and extensive in the cerebral cortex?

A

thalamic connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which cortical association area is associated with executive functions of behavior?

A

prefrontal association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what cortical association area is associated with working memory and processing of emotions?

A

prefrontal association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what area is involved with the formation of words?

A

Brocas area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when cells are hyperactive in OCD what area is active?

A

orbital frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what area functions as an error detector- alerting you that something is amiss?

A

orbital frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what area is important for behavior, emotions and motivation?

A

limbic association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is the area for language comprehension?

A

parieto-occipitotemporal AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is the area for naming objects and facial recognition?

A

parieto-occipitotemporal AA

22
Q

what area contains Wernickes and the angular gyrus?

A

parieto-occipitotemporal AA

23
Q

where is the angular gyrus?

A

just behind wernickes

24
Q

what is the condition when a patient sees a close relative and thinks they are an impostor due to lack of emotion evoked by visually seeing them?

A

capgras syndrome

25
Q

What area is reciprocally connected with subcortical nuclei like amygdala and hypothalamus, has a high concentration serotonin and operates emotional decision making?

A

Ventromedial frontal areas

26
Q

which area is involved with judgement, planning for the future, holding and organizing events from memory?

A

prefrontal association area

27
Q

which hemisphere is dominant is 95% of the population?

A

left hemisphere

28
Q

which hemisphere is involved with language, spoken and written word, analytical function- math, speech

A

left- which is usually dominant

29
Q

which hemisphere is involved in music, non-verbal visual experience, body language, spatial relations

A

right- usually non-dominant

30
Q

what allows for bidirectional communication btw most of the 2 cortical hemispheres except for anterior portions of the temporal lobe

A

corpus callosum- also allows one hemisphere to inhibit the other

31
Q

what allows for bidirectional communication between anterior portions of the temporal lobe?

A

anterior commissure

32
Q

your ability to reconstruct the whole from a degraded fragment is called?

A

memory

33
Q

what makes up the allocortex?

A

archicortex &paleocortex

34
Q

what percent of the human cerebral cortex is the allocortex?

A

10%

35
Q

what other structures does the hippocampal formation contain?

A

hippocampus
dentate gyrus
subiculum

36
Q

what are the 3 layers of the hippocampus?

A

I
V
VI

37
Q

what are the 3 layers of the dentate gyrus?

A

I
IV
VI

38
Q

what is part of the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

subiculum

39
Q

what plays an important role in declarative and episodic memory?

A

hippocampal formation

40
Q

what are the 2 types of declarative memory?

A

episodic- every day life

semantic- factual info

41
Q

parahippocampal regions have bidirectional connections with what?

A

cerebral cortex

42
Q

what are principal cells in each of the layers that fire in complex bursts when an animal moves through a specific location in an environment?

A

hippocampal “place” cells- spatial

43
Q

the region in which a place cell fires the most is that cell’s?

A

firing-field or place field

44
Q

what is an extremely rare phenomenon where a person has total recall of all events they have experienced since about age 10-14 to present

A

hyperthymestic syndrome

45
Q

reflexive/ implicit/ skill memory involves?

A

amygdala and cerebellum- non associative and associative learning

46
Q

the loss of ability to transfer learning from short term to long term, instantly forgetting daily life incidences and inability to store new long term memories would be from?

A

bilateral removal of hippocampus

47
Q

Which layer do spinal cord tracts originate from?

A

Layer V

48
Q

Which layer do thalamic connections originate from?

A

Layer VI

49
Q

Again, what are some executive functions of the prefrontal association area?

A

Judgement
Planning for the future
Holding and organizing events from memory
Working memory

50
Q

What are some functions of the parietal-occipitotemporal AA?

A

Analysis of spatial coordinates of body
Language comprehension (reading)
Naming objects
Face recognition

51
Q

Orbital frontal cortex is part of which AA?

A

Prefrontal association area

physiology final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions