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DPT704: Neuro Hank > Cerebellum 2 > Flashcards

Cerebellum 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regulatory functions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. reflex tone of skeletal muscle
  2. coordination of voluntary muscle activity
  3. aids in maintaining equilibium
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2
Q

What is the basic function of the cerebellum?

A

Smoothing and Sequencing of complex movements.

Support postural adjustments and eye movements establishing and modifying motor programs.

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3
Q

The cerebellum functions are attributed to interactions w/

A
  1. Ascending Sensory Pathways
  2. Vision
  3. Vestibular Fxn
  4. Cortical plans of movments
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4
Q

The functions of the cerebellum end up providing

A
  1. Comparison of internal and external feedback
  2. Modifying central motor programs.
  3. Center for motor learning/memory.
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5
Q

What structure in the cerebellum allows for output?

A

efferents from cerebellum from deep cerebellar nuclei

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6
Q

Where do efferents, neurons from deep cerebellar deep nuclei sweep out to

A

effect some sort of physiological behavior on target cell = usually excitatory

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7
Q

What are deep cerebellar nuclei under inhibitory control of?

A

Purkinje Cells

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8
Q

What does purkinje cell control over deep cerebellar nuclei allow for?

A

Inhibitory control allows for normal patterned movement.

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9
Q

What three lobes is there cerebellum broken up into?

A

Anterior, Posterior, Flocculonodular

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10
Q

How is the flocculonodular lobe broken up?

A

Nodule in the midline and Flocculus are lateral.

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11
Q

Where are the cerebellar tonsils located?
What is their structural significance?
Clinical significance?

A

Posterior edge of cerebellum.

Have structural significance to connections of cerebellum.

Clinically positioned next to foramen magnum and can be forced through pinching medulla with increase of intracranial pressure.

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12
Q

Where is the Vermis located?

A

Midline.

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13
Q

Where are the deep cerebellar nuclei located?

A

lie in white matter of cerebellum deep to cortical circuitry.

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14
Q

What are the three deep cerebellar nuclei and what is their associated functional division and anatomical location?

A
  1. Fastigial Nucleus - Vestibulocerebellum: receives input from vermis and some floculonodular lobe
  2. Interposted Nucleus (Globose and Emboliform) - Spinocerebellum: receive input from intermediate part of cerebellar hemispheres
  3. Dentate Nucleus - Cerebrocerebellum: get projections from lateral cerebellar hemispheres
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15
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular Layer
Purkinje Cell Layer
Granular Cell Layer

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16
Q

What is the Molecular Layer made up of?

A

acellular made of:

axons and dendrites

  • unmylenated granule cell axons
  • purkinje cell dendrites
  • Interneurons
17
Q

What is the Purkinje cell layer made up of and what is its function?
What does it receive?

A

Cell bodies of large peukinje cells.
Form output of cerebellar cortex
Fxn: influence activity of deep cerebellar nuclei through INHIBITION
Receives 1 major afferent system (mossy fiber system from granular layer).

18
Q

What is the granular layer made up of?

What does it receive?

A

Granular Cells - majority of axons in the molecular layer and synapse on dendrites of the purkinje cells.

Receives most input form afferent systems = mossy fibers

19
Q

All axons going upward are excitatory/inhibitory and consist of what three fibers?

A

upward = Excitatory

  1. Mossy Fibers
  2. Climbing Fibers
  3. Granule Cell Parallel Fibers
20
Q

All axons going downward are excitatory/inhibitory and consist of what fibers?

A

downward = Inhibitory

1. Purkinje Cells

21
Q

What is the route of mossy fibers and what do they synapse on?

A

Ascend through cerebellar white matter (excitatory) synapse onto granule cell dendrites

22
Q

Where do granule cells send axons?

A

Granule cells send excitatory parallel fibers to dendritic trees of purkinje cells.

23
Q

What is all output from cerebellar cortex carried by?

A

Purkinje cell axons to cerebellar white matter.

24
Q

Purkinje cells send synapses where?

A

inhibitory synapses onto deep cerebellar nuclei

25
Q

Where do climbing fibers arise from and where do they go to?

A

Arise from neurons in contralateral inferior olivary nucleus and send excitatory input to purkinje cells.

26
Q

What is the function of the inferior, middle, and superior peduncles?

A

Connects lower brainstem and forms wall of 4th ventricle.

27
Q

Superior Peduncle:
Efferent or Afferent?
Pathways?

A

Only Efferent pathway.
Decussates in the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus.

  1. Denatorubrothalamic pathway
  2. Ventral and Rostral Spinocerebellar Pathway
28
Q

Ventral and Rostral spinocerebellar pathway: What does it carry and what is its route?

A

Carries integrated info of sensory and motor from ipsilateral spinal cord.

Pathways cross contralateral at spinal cord segment level, and recross through cerebellar peducle.

29
Q

Middle Peduncle:
Efferent or Afferent?
Pathways?

A

Only Afferent pathway

  • Massive connections to pons
  • Pontocerebellar fibers carrying info relayed through pontine nuclei in ventral pons.
  • Relay receives cortical info from all parts of cortex.
30
Q

Inferior Peduncle:
Efferent or Afferent?
Pathways?

A

Both Afferent and Efferent

Dorsal and Cuneocerebellar Pathways
Olivocerebellar Pathway
Trigeminocerebellar Pathways
Vestibulocerebellar Pathways
Fatigiovestibular Pathway
31
Q

What information do Dorsal and Cuneocerebellar pathways and from where?

A

Carry specific joint and motor info encoded by:

  • GTOs
  • Muscle Spindles
  • Jt capsule receptors
32
Q

Where does info from Olivocerebellar Pathway come from and what fibers does it have?

A

comes from contralateral inferior olivary complex – climbing fibers

33
Q

What info does the Trigeminocerebellar Pathway transmit and where from?

A

carry similar somatosensory info from the

  • Face
  • Jaw
  • Extraocular eye muscles
34
Q

Vestibulocerebellar pathways carry axons from where (2)?

A

carry axons from vestibular nuclei and direct fibers from vestibular apparatus

35
Q

Fastigiovestibular pathways carry what kind of information to where?

A

carries efferent pathway from fastigial and interposed nuclei –> vestibular nuclei and reticular nuclei

some purkinje cell axons bypass deep cerebellar nucli and project directly to vestibular nuclei

36
Q 
Vestibulocerebellum:
Anatomical Cerebellum
Input
Deep Nuclei
Cerebellar Peduncle
Output Target
A

Vestibulocerebellum:
Anatomical Cerebellum: Flocculonodular Lobe
Input: Vestibular Nuclei and apparatus/ganglia
Deep Nuclei: Vestibular Nuclei (fastigial?)
Cerebellar Peduncle: Inferior
Output Target: MLF - eye mvmt pathways

37
Q

Vestibulocerebellum pathway:
function
ipsilatera/contralateral/bilateral

A

Sends info back to influence vestibular nuclei fxn and reticulospinal pathways
-ipsilateral

fxn:

  • control equilibrium
  • eye movments
  • trunk and postural muscle tone = proximal
38
Q 
Spinocerebellum:
Anatomical Cerebellum
Input
Deep Nuclei
Cerebellar Peduncle
Output Target
A

Spinocerebellum:
Anatomical Cerebellum: Vermis and paravermal zones
Input: General cutaneous and proprioceptive receptors: SC, auditory, visual, vestibular, trigeminal, motor cortex
Deep Nuclei: Interposed Nuclei, Fastigial Nuclei
Cerebellar Peduncle: Superior and Inferior
Output Target: VL, Red Nucleus, Tectum, RF, Vestibular Nuclei

39
Q

Spinocerebellum:

function

A

controls limb movments and muscle tone for error correction –> coordinated movments

  • muscle synergy
  • more proximal limb joints = postural and locomotion

DPT704: Neuro Hank (14 decks)

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