Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT704: Neuro Hank > 2 - Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology at the Cellular Level: The Foundation of Function > Flashcards

2 - Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology at the Cellular Level: The Foundation of Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Neuron Doctrine?

A

Neurons are the basic signaling unit of the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Principle of Dynamic Polarization?

A

Signals flow in a predictable and consistent direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Principle of Connectional Specificity?

A

no direct cytoplasmic connectivity between neurons and the connections formed between neurons are specific (not random).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A generalized neuron has what 4 areas?

A
  1. Receptive Area
  2. Integrative Area
  3. Conductive Area
  4. Output Area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose and structures of the receptive area of a neuron?

A

(for localized input); dendrites and cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose and structures of the integrative area of a neuron?

A

(for triggering a response); axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose and structures of the conductive area of a neuron?

A

(carrying a signal); axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose and structures of the output area of a neuron?

A

(secretory); axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the ways in which neurons can be classified? (3)

A
  1. Size
  2. Number of Processes
  3. Direction they Project
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the structures and their function of a central nervous system neuron? (5)

A
  1. Dendrite (receptive area)
  2. Soma (also a receptive area)
  3. Axon hillock, initial segment (integrative area)
  4. Axon (conductive area)
  5. Terminals (synapse; secretory area)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two methods of connectivity can a neuron have?

A

Convergent or Divergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Afferent can be synonymous with ___ in the PNS while Efferent can be synonymous with ____.

A

Afferent can be synonymous with Sensory in the PNS while Efferent can be synonymous with motor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of Glial Cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of the Glial Cell Astrocytes?

A

can be supportive cells as well as reparative cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of the Glial Cell Oligodendrocyes?

A

mechanism of mylenation (Schwann cells are the myelinating cell of the peripheral nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of the Glial Cell Microglia?

A

macrophage of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What provide mylenation in the PNS and CNS?

A

PNS : Schwann Cells

CNS : Oligodendrocyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the connective tissue coverings of a neuron? (4)

A

Mesoneurium; Endo-, Peri, and Epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 types of synapses we are redponsible for?

A
  1. Axodendritic
  2. Axospinous
  3. Axosomatic
  4. Axoaxonic
20
Q

What is a channel of a neuron?

A

structures that selectively allow the flux of ions into or out of the neuron

21
Q

What are the two categories of channels?

A

Non-Gated

Gated ion channels

22
Q

What is the function of a Non-gated channel?

A

allow for diffusion of small ions

23
Q

On each Gated ion channel, each receptor is ___

A

sensory modality specific

24
Q

What are the two main types of Gated ion channels?

A
  1. Ligand

2. Voltage

25
Q

What are the the two types of ligand gated ion channels?

A
  1. Ionotropic

2. Metabotropic

26
Q

Define Metabotropic Channels

A

Metabotropic receptors activate a G-protein that in turn activates a secondary messenger, that in turn will activate something else.

(Metabotropic receptors do not have channels and may or may not result in the opening of ion channels somewhere else on the membrane.)

27
Q

Define Ionotropic Channels

A

Ionotropic receptors change shape when they are bound by a ligand. This change in shape creates a channel that allows ions to flow through.

28
Q

Define Voltage channels

A

Respond to changes in potential

29
Q

Define Ligand channels

A

respond to binding to receptor

30
Q

Describe Local Potentials - Electronic Potential

A

The change in membrane polarity is graded and decays away from the site of initiation (synapse in the CNS, receptor in the PNS)

31
Q

What are the two types of Synaptic potentials?

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials (EPSP)

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP)

32
Q

In an Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials (EPSP), electrical activity or membrane polarity becomes ____ with respect to the resting membrane potential

A

In an Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials (EPSP), electrical activity or membrane polarity becomes MORE POSITIVE with respect to the resting membrane potential

33
Q

In an Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP), electrical activity or membrane polarity becomes ____ with respect to the resting membrane potential

A

In an Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP), electrical activity or membrane polarity becomes MORE NEGATIVE with respect to the resting membrane potential

34
Q

What is an Action Potential?

A

change in membrane potential along the axon of a neuron

35
Q

What does an action potential requires the presence of?

A

voltage gated channels (only located on the axon of a neuron)

36
Q

What is the All or None Response in terms of an Action potential?

A

There is no decay in the amplitude or speed of an action potential once it has been generated.

37
Q

What is the ultimate end of an action potential?

A

to generate the release of neuroactive substance at its terminal end.

38
Q

In a normal functioning system, how does an action potential travel?

A

it is unidirectional, traveling from the axon hillock to all of the axon terminals of each neuron.

39
Q

Transmitter release is always a response to ___

A

an action potential

40
Q

The amount of transmitter released depends on the ___

A

frequency of action potentials traveling down the axon. (this can be modified at the terminal end, but not along the axon)

41
Q

Define Habituation and give an example.

A

decrement of behavioral response during repetitive application of an innocuous or benign stimulus.

Ex. a person learns to ignore the ticking of a mechanical clock.

42
Q

How is habituation distinguished from simple fatigue?

A

responsiveness can be rapidly restores (i.e. dishabituated) by the presentation of a strong or novel stimulus.

43
Q

Define Sensitization and give an example.

A

strengthening of a response after an intense or noxious stimulus.

Ex. unexpected explosion or firecracker can make a person “jumpy” and after this intense stimulus any small noise can elicit a heightened response.
*General arousal mechanisms are stimulated.

44
Q

What is Long-Term Potentiation?

A

LTP is a sustained increase in synaptic strength elicited by brief, high frequency stimulation of excitatory afferents (hippocampus)

45
Q

What is Long-Term Depression?

A

a process of synaptic plasticity occurring in Purkinje cells, is involved in associative learning and memory (cerbellum)

DPT704: Neuro Hank (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions