Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum (2) > Flashcards

Cerebellum (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers in the cerebellar cortex?

A

molecular layer, purkinje cell layers, and granule cell layer, and white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the molecular layer?

A

stellate cells, basket cells, purkinje cell dendrites, parallel fibers from granule cells, climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the purkinje cell layer?

A

single layer of purkinje cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components of the granule cell layer?

A

cell bodies of the granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do purkinje cells receive input from?

A

parallel fibers originating from granule cells of cerebellar cortex and climbing fibers originating in the inferior olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do purkinje cells terminate? where do they originate from?

A

deep cerebellar nuclei, inferior olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do mossy fibers terminate? Where are they originating from?

A

on the granule cells; pontine nuclei, vestibular ganglion, vestibular nuclei, lateral cuneate nucleus, Clarke’s nucleus, and spinal border cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do fiber from the dentate nucleus project?

A

to the red nucleus and the thalamus via the dentate-rubro-thalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ataxia?

A

motor deficit from cerebellar injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the vestibular system and it’s interaction with the cerebellum? Where do the fibers run between the two?

A

balance; few axons from the VG project to the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle, most axons of the VG project to the vestibular nuclei, medial and inferior VN project to the floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle mossy fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do the granule cells receive input from? project to?

A

from the vestibular nuclei, synapse on purkinje cells which project to the fastigial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the fastigial nucleus project to?

A

vestibular and reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What fibers do the spinocerebellar pathways convey? What are the different tracts?

A

conveys unconscious proprioceptive information from spinal cord used to regulate muscle tone and balance; ASCT, PSCT, and CCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pathway of the ASCT?

A

neuron 1 (DRG neurons) have peripheral processes that innervate proprioceptors in the legs and axons that enter the spinal cord, terminate in spinal border cells, SBC axons cross to contralateral side, ascend to pons, cross again, thru SCP to granule cells of cerebellar cortex (mossy fiber), neuron 3 is granular cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pathway of the PSCT?

A

1- DRG neuron, peripheral process innervates proprioceptor in legs, axons enter spinal cord, travel ipsilaterally in fasciculus gracilis and terminate in Clarke’s nucleus, 2- clarkes nnucleus, ascend ipsilaterally as PSCT thru ICP to granule cells, 3- granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pathway of the CCT?

A

1- DRG, peripheral process innervate proprioceptors in arms, enter spinal cord, travel ipsilaterally in fasciculus cuneatus and terminate in lateral cuneate nuclei in medulla, 2- lateral cuneate nuclei in cuneocerebellar tract thru ICP terminate on granule cell (mossy fiber), 3- granule cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus go to?

A

project to contralateral Purkinje cells of cerebellum via ICP as climbing fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spinocerebellar input is primarily to where?

A

vermis and paravermis (paleocerebellum), granule cells in vermis and paravermis project to Purkinje cells, which project to globose and emboliform nuclei (collectively interposed nuclei) which projects to the red nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why does the cerebral cortex communicate with the cerebellum?

A

regulate and coordinate movement; the portions from the cerebral cortex which control movement project to the pontine nuclei via corticopontine fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the pontine nuclei project to?

A

contralateral granule cells in lateral portions of cerebellar hemispheres via pontocerebellar fibers and MCP; important for voluntary smooth movements

21
Q

Where do the granule cells project after input from the pontocerebellar fibers?

A

project to the purkinje cells which in turn projects to the dentate nucleus

22
Q

Where do the fibers from the dentate nucleus project to (pontocerebellar input)?

A

to contralateral red nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus via the SCP and the dentatorubrothalamic tract; the VL then projects to the motor and premotor cerebral cortex (influence CS and CB, voluntary movement)

23
Q

What are the fibers in the SCP? What is the exception?

A

mostly cerebellar output; ACST is exception

24
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

motor coordination, sensory coordination and processing, motor learning (procedural memory) maybe: short term memory, attention, impulse control, emotion, cognition, task planning

25
Q

What mental conditions might the cerebellum be involved in?

A

schizophrenia and autism

26
Q

What are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, and cerebrocerebellum

27
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Eye movements, neck and trunk movements

28
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A

Axial and lower extremity movements- gait and station

29
Q

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

Precise, coordinated movements of the extremities, especially upper extremities

30
Q

Where do the climbing fibers run?

A

From inferior olivary nucleus with one branch to deep nuclei (early excitation) and the other to a Purkinje cell (output from the Purkinje cell causes late inhibition of the deep nuclei)

31
Q

What functions are the climbing fibers involved in?

A

Motor learning (LTD & Ca+) and error detection (increased firing from 1-2/sec to 4-6/sec)

32
Q

What systems does the inferior olive get input from?

A

Widespread input to inferior olive from all the sensory and motor systems plus from the deep cerebellar nuclei.

33
Q

What functions are the mossy fibers involved in?

A

Precise, graded, spacial, and temporal related information about motor activity (firing rate of 70/sec, Na+ channel).

34
Q

Where do the mossy fibers run?

A

From vestibular, spinal cord, and pontine nuclei with one branch to the deep nuclei and the other to granule cells (from granule cells to Purkinje cells by way of parallel fibers)

35
Q

What are the components of the simple cerebellar circuit?

A

afferent projection to granule cell and deep cerebellar nuclei, granule cell bifurcating to parallel fiber to purkinje cell inhibitory to deep cerebellar nuclei, efferent projection from deep cerebellar nuclei

36
Q

What are the accessory components of the cerebellar circuit?

A

basket cells have inhibitory input to purkinje cell and receives input from parallel fibers, stellate cells inhibitory input to purkinje cell, Golgi cell inhibitory input to junction of mossy fiber and granule cell

37
Q

What are the structural components of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

dentate nucleus, and cortex of cerebellum

38
Q

What are the structural components of the spinocerebellum?

A

vermis, intermediate zone, fastigial nucleus (half), interpositus nucleus

39
Q

What are the structural components of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

flocculus and nodulus

40
Q

What are the connections in the vestibulocerebellum?

A

vestibular organs to the vestibular nuclei to the ocular motor nuclei

41
Q

What are the connections of the spinocerebellum?

A

SC to vermis interneuron to fastigial nucleus to reticular formation to brainstem motor pathways; SC to interneuron to globose to thalamus to motor cortex and emboliform nuclei to red nucleus to rubrospinal tract

42
Q

What are the connections of the cerbrocerebellum?

A

CS to pontine nuclei to lateral hemisphere to dentate nucleus to VL or ventral intermedius nucleus to motor cortex

43
Q

What are findings in cerebellar dysfunction?

A

dysdiadochokinesia, staggering gait, dysmetria

44
Q

What are the symptoms of midline or equilibratory ataxia?

A

truncal instability (titubation), ataxic gait, and can’t tandem walk

45
Q

What are the symptoms of hemisphere or appendicular ataxia?

A

Slurred, scanning speech, Dysdiadochokinesia, Dysmetria, Decomposition of movements, Stagger and fall to side of the lesion, Decreased tone, Pendular DTR’s

46
Q

What are the symptoms of friedreich’s ataxia?

A

1/2 of hereditary ataxias, onset 5-10 yrs, death by 35, starts in lower extremeties and moves up, positive Romberg due to loos of proprioception to cerebellum, absent DTR due to lack of afferent limb, Babinski sign (CS affected), pes cavus due to peripheral neuropathy, scoliosis and cardiomyopathy

47
Q

What is the pathology of Friedreich’s Ataxia?

A

degeneration (myelin and axons) of dorsal columns, spinocerebellar tracts, corticospinal tracts, and dorsal roots; loos of large myelinated axons in peripheral nerves, varying degrees of cerebellar cortex degeneration

48
Q

What are the genetic features of Friedreichs ataxia?

A

chr 9q13-frataxin, a mitochondrial protein, excessive GAA repeats, normal 7-22, disease 200-900, the greater the repeats the earlier and more severe the disease

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions