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Neuroanatomy > ANS (2) > Flashcards

ANS (2) Flashcards

1
Q

The somatic motor system is what kind of system? how many neurons?

A

voluntary; 1 neuron (symp and PS)

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2
Q

The visceral motor system is what kind of system? How many neurons

A

2 neurons, Symp and PS

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3
Q

What neurotransmitter is utilized at the ANS ganglion? What receptor type?

A

ACh; nitcotinic

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4
Q

What transmitters are utilized by the sympathetic system and where? What receptors are where?

A

ACh pregang, NE postgang, Alpha receptor- BV, eyes, ductus deferens, B1- heart, B2- lung

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5
Q

Where is the sympathetic preganglion body located?

A

IML T1-L2, L3

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6
Q

Where is the sympathetic postganglionic path and cell body?

A

via white rami to lateral chain ganglia (skull to coccyx, via splanchnic to celiac, sup and inf mesenteric ganglia

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7
Q

What are the functions of the sympathetic system?

A

skin: sweat (ACh), Piloerection, Vasoconstriction; Skeletal muscle vasodilation (Epi);Pupil dilation; Increased HR and contractile force; Bronchodilation, contraction of prostate, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, uterus after orgasm; Inhibit peristalsis of gut, contract int. sphincter, increase mucous in saliva; Release FFA from fat and breakdown glyc. to gluc.- epi

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8
Q

What transmitters are utilized by the sympathetic system and where? What receptors are where?

A

Acetylcholine (cholinergic), Both pre and post ganglionic, Some also contain neuropeptides, Nicotinic receptor on postganglionic neurons, Muscarinic receptors on tissues

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9
Q

Where is the sympathetic preganglion body located?

A

Edinger-Westphal nuc, Superior and inferior salivatory nuclei, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ambiguous, sacral S2-S4 Imc

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10
Q

Where is the sympathetic postganglion body located?

A

Ciliary ganglion, Otic ganglion, Pterygopalatine ganglion, Submandibular ganglion, Terminal ganglia in wall of organ

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11
Q

What are the functions of parasympathetics from edinger westphal nucleus?

A

Constriction of pupil accommodation,

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12
Q

What are the functions of parasympathetics from superior and inferior salivatory nuclei?

A

Serous secretion from parotid, sublingual, & submandibular, Lacrimal & nasal secretion,

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13
Q

What are the functions of parasympathetics from dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and ambiguous?

A

amb-Decrease heart rate and contractile force, Constrict coronary, DMV- Bronchoconstriction, Secretion glands resp. tree & GI. Promote peristalsis

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14
Q

What are the functions of parasympathetics system from Sacral Imc?

A

Promote peristalsis of colon. Contraction of detrusor m., Erection by inhibiting arteriolar smooth muscle with VIP

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15
Q

What is the reflex arc of the visceral motor system? What is the central integration?

A

visceral sense input to nucleus of the solitary tract to pregang to visceral motor response; nucleus of solitary tract to medial and ventral forebrain to hormonal and behavioral response

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16
Q

What are the areas involved in central control of visceral motor system?

A

amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, hypothalamus, AN centers reticular formation

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17
Q

What is the function of the amygdala in ANS system?

A

Fear – cold sweat, hair standing on end, paleness of skin, dry mouth, palpitation, rapid breathing, Thrill – hair standing on end, Grief/Joy – tears, Embarrassment – blushing, Anger – arching of back, baring teeth, pupillary constriction, increased blood pressure, Pain – cold sweat

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18
Q

What is the visceral motor function of the medial reticular column in the medulla?

A

inspiration, slow HR

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19
Q

What is the visceral motor function of the lateral reticular column in the medulla?

A

expiration, increase HR

20
Q

What is the visceral motor function of the lateral reticular column in the pons?

A

pneumotaxic center, influences respiratory rhythm

21
Q

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus innervates what?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons of the intermediolateral spinal cord.

22
Q

Medial forebrain bundle is the primary route for what?

A

input to the hypothalamus from the septal nuclei and basal forebrain limbic structures

23
Q

Where does the medial forebrain bundle run?

A

between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the lateral hypothalamus

24
Q

Where does the Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus run?

A

originates region of PVN, descends along most medial aspect of third ventricle through periaqueductal gray and mesencephalic reticular formation

25
Q

Where does the mammilotrigeminal tract run?

A

originates in mammillary nucleus, projects to mesencephalic and pontine reticular formations; influence the activity of the brainstem autonomic nuclei

26
Q

What input from the anterior cingulate and insular cortex is involved in ANS?

A

paralimbic input to amygdala and hypothalamus; Ac- pain, I- gut

27
Q

Periaqueductal grey matter is involved in what aspect of ANS?

A

response to pain and stress

28
Q

Parabrachial region is involved in ANS how?

A

relay for visceral sensory. Micturition and respiratory reflexes

29
Q

The lateral medulla is involved in ANS how?

A

major cardiorespiratory reflex center

30
Q

Muscarinic receptor is involved in what process?

A

cardiac inhibition, smooth muscle contraction, exocrine secretion

31
Q

Alpha receptors are involved in what processes?

A

vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction

32
Q

What are the symptoms of a central or preganglionic lesion resulting in horners?

A

abnormal facial sweating, response to drug-releasing NE, normal reponse to driect alpha agonist,; hypothalamus, dorsolateral medulla, or spinal cord

33
Q

What are the symptoms of a central or postganglionic lesion resulting in horners?

A

normal facial sweating, no response to drug-releasing NE, exaggerated reponse to driect alpha agonist (NE); superior cervical ganglion, cavernous sinus

34
Q

What are the PS controls of the heart through nucleus ambiguous?

A

Decreased heart rate and AV conduction
Antagonizes sympathetic effect on myocardium, Predominates over sympathetic at sinus node-respiratory sinus arrhythmia; Less vagal during insp.- incr. HR, More vagal during expiration- decr. HR

35
Q

Sympathetic System (rostral ventrolateral medulla) has what effects?

A

Increased heart rate and AV conduction, increased myocardium contractility; Vasoconstriction to skin, kidney, and abdominal organs; Vasodilation of cardiac and skeletal muscle blood supply

36
Q

What are some tests for cardiovascular autonomics and the results?

A

Presence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Mental Arithmetic- increased HR and BP
Cold pressor test- hands in ice water for 60 seconds- increased BP then reflex decreased HR; Valsalva maneuver

37
Q

What are the changes during forced expiration stage of valsalva?

A

increase: intrathoracic pressure, and symp. output; decrease: VR, CO, BP, baroreceptor output and vagal output

38
Q

What are the changes during relaxation of forced expiration of valsalva?

A

increase: VR, CO, BP, baroreceptor output, vagal output; decrease: intrathoracic pressure, symp. output

39
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the bladder? effect?

A

S2-S4, pelvic, ACh to muscarinic, contraction of detrusor, bladder emptying

40
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder? effect?

A

T11-L2, hypogastric n, NE, B- relaxation of detrusor or A- contraction of bladder neck; retention of urine

41
Q

What is thesomatic innervation of the bladder? effect?

A

S2-S4, pudendal, ACh to nicotinic, contraction of external sphincter, retention of urine

42
Q

What are the symptoms of an uninhibited bladder?

A

incontinence, perianal sensation, anal and bulbocavernous reflexes, normal bladder vol. and intravessical mmHg

43
Q

What are the symptoms of an spastic bladder?

A

incontinence, no or late retention (destrusor-sphincter dyssynergia) perianal sensation may be decreased, anal and bulbocavernous reflexes, bladder vol. decreased and intravessical mmHg increased

44
Q

What are the symptoms of an flaccid bladder?

A

incontinence, retention, no perianal sensation, anal or bulbocavernous reflexes, bladder vol. increased and intravessical mmHg decreased

45
Q

Where is the lesion causing uninhibited bladder? Possible cause?

A

medial frontal lobes, hydrocephalus, meningioma

46
Q

Where is the lesion causing spastic bladder? Possible cause?

A

lower brainstem or spinal cord above conus medullaris, trauma or MS

47
Q

Where is the lesion causing flaccid bladder? Possible cause?

A

conus medullaris or cauda equine, neoplasm, extruded disc, DM, motor radiculopathy

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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