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Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic function of the cerebellum

A

smooth precise movements and maintenance of balance

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2
Q

myelinated white matter region in cerebellum transmitting afferent and efferent info

A

arbor vitae

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3
Q

outer cortical gray matter regions of cerebellum

A

folia

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4
Q

2 hemispheres of cerebellum

A

lateral + intermediate

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5
Q

the cerebellum has almost ___x the number of neurons as the cerebral cortex

A

4x!!!

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6
Q

what general symptoms occur when the cerebellum is damages

A

coordination + postural control deficits
decreased cognitive + emotional function

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7
Q

anterior lobe function

A

motor coordination for trunk and proximal limbs

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8
Q

posterior lobe function

A

fine motor coordination for distal limbs

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9
Q

flocculonodular lobe function

A

balance and eye movements

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10
Q

what does the primary fissure separate

A

anterior and posterior lobes

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11
Q

what does the posteriolateral fissure separate

A

posterior and flocculonodular lobes

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12
Q

3 functional zones of cerebellum (and their correlative anatomical zones)

A

cerebrocerebellum (lateral)
spinocerebellum (intermediate hemisphere + vermis)
vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular)

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13
Q

cerebellar nuclei in spinocerebellum

A

fastigial nucleus
interposed nuclei (globose + emboliform)

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14
Q

intermediate hemisphere function vs vermis function

A

IH = distal voluntary movements

V = proximal gross movements of body/limb

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15
Q

cerebrocerebellum function
spinocerebellum function
vestibulocerebellum funciton

A
  1. motor planning + sequencing
  2. posture + motor execution
  3. balance + eye movements
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16
Q

vermis function? vermis pathology?

A

controls middle of body

pathology = truncal and gait instability

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17
Q

intermediate hemisphere function? pathology?

A

controls UE + LE

pathology = limb ataxia

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18
Q

superior peduncle main function

A

sending info out (efferents)… mostly

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19
Q

middle peduncle main function

A

receiving info (afferents)

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20
Q

inferior peduncle main function

A

sending out and receiving info (afferents + efferents)

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21
Q

afferents from vestibular nuclei, SC, and inferior olivary nucleus use which cerebellar peduncle

A

inferior peduncle

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22
Q

where does the middle peduncle receive its afferents

A

cerebral cortex and superior colliculus

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23
Q

where does the superior peduncle receive its afferents

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

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24
Q

which peduncle projects to the red nucleus

A

superior peduncle

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25
what deep nucleus is located in the lateral hemisphere? what is its function?
dentate *active before voluntary movement --> predictive/anticipatory*
26
what deep nuclei are located in the intermediate hemisphere? what are their functions?
emboliform + globose (interposed nuclei) *active during and in relation to movement for DISTAL MUSCLES*
27
what deep nucleus is located in the midline vermis? what is its function?
fastigial *eyes, balance, proximal muscles*
28
what are the 3 cortical layers of the cerebellum? are they gray or white matter?
granular, purkinje, molecular GRAY
29
purkinje cell function
inhibit cerebellar and vestibular nuclei
30
climbing fibers start in the ________ nucleus. what type of info do they transmit?
inferior olivary nucleus movement errors for refinement
31
mossy fibers start in _____ and ____. what type of info do they transmit?
pons + SC somatosensory, arousal, balance, and cortex info to cerebellum
32
what downregulates purkinje fibers? how about upregulates?
GABA down Glutamate up
33
what are the main output cells of the cerebellum
purkinje cells
34
what interneurons are responsible for the inhibition of the deep cerebellar nuclei?
purkinje cells
35
what cells excite purkinje cells
granular cells
36
medial and inferior vestibular nuclei descend ________ in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, while the lateral vestibular nucleus descends ______ through the anterior fasciculus
bilaterally ipsilaterally
37
medial/inferior vs lateral vestibular nuclei function
med/inf = cervical spine lat = extensor antigravity motor neurons
38
which peduncle(s) does the spinocerebellum funcitonal zone communicate with
superior + inferior peduncles
39
which of the 4 spinocerebellum tracts double tracts
ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract
40
which of the 4 spinocerebellar tracts synapses at clark's nucleus (C8-L2/3)
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
41
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- lower extremities - gracile fasciculus - clarks nucleus - high fidelity - mossy fibers
42
cuneocerebellar tract
- upper extremities - cuneate fasciculus - synapses in external cuneate nucleus in medulla - high fidelity
43
ventral spinocerebellar tract
- lower extremity interneurons - crosses at anterior commissure - crosses again after superior peduncle - internal feedback
44
rostral spinocerebellar tract
- upper extremity interneurons - inferior and superior peduncles - internal feedback
45
high fidelity pathways vs internal feedback pathways
high fidelity = high accuracy, muscles, tendons, joints internal = spinal interneruon activity --> STAYS IN SPINAL REGION
46
the vermis goes to the ____ motor tracts and the intermediate zone goes to the ___ motor tracts
medial lateral
47
2 tracts associated with the intermediate zone interposed nuclei
corticospinal rubrospinal
48
order of cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop
motor/premotor cortices v pontine nuclei v crosses at middle cerebellar peduncle v dentate nucleus v crosses at superior cerebellar peducle v thalamus v cerebral cortex
49
what tracts come out of the cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop
lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts
50
t/f: all cerebellar tract disorders can present ipsilaterally
TRUE even tho one crosses, it DOUBLE crosses so it still ends up ipsi
51
superior cerebellar artery is a branch of ________ and supplies which part of the cerebellum
basilar artery supplies superior + middle cerebellar peduncles and interpeduncular region
52
anterior cerebellar artery is a branch of ________ and supplies which part of the cerebellum
basilar artery middle cerebellar peduncle, anterior inferior cerebellum (including flocculus)
53
posterior inferior cerebellar artery is a branch of ________ and supplies which part of the cerebellum
verebral artery tonsils, inferior vermis, inferior cerebellar peduncle, and inferior aspects of cerebellum
54
BEFAST stands for
balance eyes face arms speech time
55
what symptoms would you expect from a legion in the vestibulocerebellum (4)
nystagmus unsteadiness truncal ataxia disequilibrium
56
what symptoms would you expect from a legion in the cerebrocerebellum (2)
ataxic finger movements dysarthria (slurring speech)
57
ataxia presents when there is a legion in which part of the cerebellum?
ALL AREAS
58
what symptoms would you expect from a legion in the spinocerebellum (5; stay basic)
dysarthria scanning speech limb ataxia loss of check/rebound movement decomposition
59
4 types of limb ataxia
dysdiadokinesia dysmetria action tremor intention tremor
60
dysdiadokinesia
rapid alternating movements --> pro/sup of wrist rapidly someone w this disorder cannot do it rhythmically or rapidly
61
what happens to deep nuclei in induced dysmetria
they are INACTIVATED
62
how can the muscle actions responses of induced dysmetria be described as
delayed and prolonged in response that worsen with speed
63
movement decomposition
choppy, robotic movements ex: instead of being able to move knee and ankle at the same time, they have to move 1 joint at a time
64
t/f: cerebellum has feedback and feedforward mechanisms
TRUE
65
compare movement when someone has a cerebellum legion vs cortex legion
CB = no fine tuned movement CTX = weakness or no movement
66
where do climbing fibers synapse
between parallel fibers and purkinje fibers
67
t/f: plasticity can only occur in the cortex, not the cerebellum
false
68
what part of the brain is impacted if a pt cant walk on split belt treadmill
midbrain (locomotor region)

neuro 2 (8 decks)

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