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Neurobiology II > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • Smooth & coordinate ongoing movements
  • Motor planning
  • Motor Learning
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2
Q

What is the clinical significance of cerebellar tonsils?

A
  • Mass lesion resulting in increased intracranial pressure
  • Tonsils herniate through foramen magnum
  • Compress medulla
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3
Q

What is another name for cortical gray matter?

A

Arbor vitae (tree of life)

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4
Q

Where is input into the cerebellum most from?

A
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
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5
Q

Where is output from the cerebellum come from?

A
  • Superior cerebellar peduncle
    (Decussates in midbrain at level of inferior colliculus)
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6
Q

Cortex control movement on (BLANK) side of body

A

contralateral

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7
Q

Cerebellum coordinated & plans movements on the (BLANK) side of the body

A

ipsilateral

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8
Q

What is the function of the lateral hemisphere?

A

Motor planning for extremities

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9
Q

What is the function of the intermediate hemisphere?

A

Distal limb coordination

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10
Q

What does the lateral hemisphere influence?

A

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

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11
Q

What tracts does the intermediate hemisphere influence?

A
  • Lateral cortical spinal tract
  • Rubrospinal tract
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12
Q

What is the function of the vermis?

A

Proximal & trunk muscle control

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13
Q

What does the vermis influence?

A

Medial motor system

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14
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Balance & vestibulo-ocular control

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15
Q

What does the flocculondular lobe influence?

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

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16
Q

What are the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Dentate nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Globose nucleus
Fastigial nucleus

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17
Q

Input into the Dentate nucleus is from?

A

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres

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18
Q

When is the dentate nucleus active?

A

Just before voluntary movement

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19
Q

Which two deep cerebellar nuclei make up the interposed nucleus?

A

Emboliform & Globose

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20
Q

Where does the interposed nucleus input from?

A

Intermediate part of cerebellar hemisphere

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21
Q

When is the interposed nuclei active?

A

During & in relation to movement

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22
Q

Where does the fastigial nucleus receive input from?

A

Vermis & some small from flocculonodular lobe

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23
Q

What are the 3 layers of cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. Granule cell layer
  2. Purkinje Cell layer
  3. Molecular cell layer
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24
Q

What is located in the granule cell layer?

A
  • Small granule cells
  • Glomeruli
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25
Q

What is located in the Purkinje cell layer?

A

Cell bodies of large, flask shaped purkinje cells

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26
Q

What is located in the molecular layer?

A
  • Unmyelinated granule cell axons
  • Purkinje cell dendrites
  • Interneurons
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27
Q

Are mossy and climbing fibers excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

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28
Q

Input to cerebellar cortex is through?

A

Mossy & climbing fibers

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29
Q

Output from cerebellar cortex to deep cerebellar nuclei is through? and are they excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Purkinje cells
- Inhibitory

30
Q

Mossy fibers arise from (BLANK) and synapse on (BLANK)

A
  • Numerous regions
  • Granule cells
31
Q

Climbing fibers arise from (BLANK)

A

Neurons in contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

32
Q

How are parallel fibers formed?

A

Granule cells send axons to molecular layer which bifurcates

33
Q

Parallel fibers run (BLANK) to Purknije fibers and have numerous (BLANK) contacts with multiple Purkinje fibers

A
  • Perpendicular
  • Excitatory
34
Q

Purkinje cells carry all output from the (BLANK) into (BLANK)

A
  • Cerebellar cortex
  • Cerebellar white matter
35
Q

Purkinje cells have (BLANK) synapses onto deep cerebellar & vestibular nuclei

A

Inhibitory

36
Q

Which cerebellar cortex layers do basket & stellate cells have cell bodies?

A

Molecular layer

37
Q

Basket and Stellate cells are excited by?

A

Parallel fibers of granule cells

38
Q

Basket and Stellate cells cause lateral inhabitation of what?

A

Purkinje cells
(Stellate cells terminate on Purkinje dendrites & Basket cells terminate on Purkinje cell bodies)

39
Q

Which cerebellar cortex layer has the cells bodies of Golgi cells?

A

Granule cells layers

40
Q

Golgi cells are excited by?

A

Parallel fiber of granule cells

41
Q

Golgi cells get feedback inhibition to what?

A

granule cells

42
Q

What is the cerebellar glomerulus?

A

Special region of complex synaptic interaction within the granule cell layer

43
Q

Describe the pathway of Dorsal spinocerebellar tract?

A

LE proprioceptors –> nucleus dorsalis of Clarke –> ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle

44
Q

Describe the input pathway Cuneocerebellar?

A

UE proprioceptors –> external cuneate nucleus (medulla) –> ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle

45
Q

Describe the input pathway of Ventral spinocerebellar tract?

A

LE interneurons –> cross in ventral white commissure –> cross with superior cerebellar peduncle

46
Q

Describe the input pathway of Rostral spinocerebellar tract?

A

UE interneurons –> both superior cerebellar peduncle & inferior cerebellar peduncle

47
Q

Oliviocerebellar fibers arise from? then cross?

A
  • Arise from inferior olivary nucleus
  • Cross in medulla to enter the contralateral cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
48
Q

Input to the inferior olive is from?

A
  • Red nucleus
  • Cortex
  • Brainstem nuclei
  • Spinal cord
49
Q

In regards to Vestibular input from both primary & secondary vestibular neurons project to cerebellum entering via?

A

Juxtarestiform body (along side inferior cerebellar peduncle)

50
Q

What part of the cerebellum does visual input project to?

A

Ipsilateral cerebellar vermis & flocculonodular lobe

51
Q

Where is visual & auditory inputs relayed from?

A

Brainstem nuclei

52
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum in motor learning?

A

Climbing fiber input to cerebellar cortex has conditioning effect on activity of Purkinje cells:
(adjust flow through Purkinje cells
(Induces plastic changes in synaptic activity of Purkinje cells)

53
Q

What is the role of Inferior olive in motor learning?

A

Integrates information from cerebral cortex, sensory system & cerebellar nuclei

54
Q

What is the vascular territories of the cerebellum from the SCA?

A
  • Superior 1/2 cerebellum
  • Deep cerebellar nuclei
  • Superior vermis
  • Superior cerebellar peduncle
  • Upper lateral pons
55
Q

What is the vascular territories of the cerebellum from PICA?

A
  • Inferior 1/2 cerebellum
  • Inferior vermis
  • Lateral medulla
56
Q

What is the vascular territories of the cerebellum from AICA?

A
  • Anterior strip of cerebellum
  • Flocculus
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
  • Inferior lateral pons
57
Q

What is truncal ataxia and where would a lesion be to have caused this?

A
  • Wide based, unsteady, drunk like gait, may have decreased sitting balance
  • Associated with lesion to vermis
58
Q

What is appendicular ataxia and where would a lesion be to have caused this?

A
  • impaired coordination of limb movement
  • Associated with lesions to intermediate & lateral cerebellar hemisphere
59
Q

What is dysrhythmia?

A

Abnormal rhythm & timing

60
Q

What is Dysmetria?

A

Abnormal undershoot or overshoot of target

61
Q

What is Dysdiadochokinesia?

A

Difficult with rapid alternating movements

62
Q

What is Postural tremor?

A

Oscillation when actively holding a position

63
Q

What is intention tremor?

A

Oscillation when moving space toward a target

64
Q

What is rebound?

A

impaired ability to check when sudden release of resistance

65
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Pupils beat unintentionally, may occur in direction or gaze or be upward beating

66
Q

What is saccades?

A

Overshoot & undershoot target with eyes

67
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

Jerky “saccadic” eye movement when following a target

68
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction speech is?

A

Irregular fluctuations in volume & rate

69
Q

What is hypotonia?

A

mild decrease in tone or reflexes

70
Q

Cerebellar lesion produce symptoms (BLANK) to lesion

A

ipsilateral

Neurobiology II (14 decks)

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