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328 > Cerebellar Dysfunction > Flashcards

Cerebellar Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A

Timing, coordinating and integration of movements, including the eyes and speech

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2
Q

The cerebellum is structurally composed of three main parts, what are they?

A
  1. Cerebellar cortex
  2. Deep Cerebellar nuclei
  3. Cerebellar Peduncles
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3
Q

All of the three structural sections of the cerebellum receive afferent input, which section is responsible for most of the efferent output?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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4
Q

What 3 systems does the Cerebellum participate in ?

A
  1. Vestibulo-cerebellar
  2. Spino-cerebellar
  3. Cerebro-cerebellar
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5
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulo-cerebellar system

A

To modulate Vestibular influence on posture and eye movements

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6
Q

What is the function of the Spino-cerebellar system?

A

Regulates muscle tone, posture and locomotion

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7
Q

What is the function of the Cerebro-cerebellar system?

A

Plays a role in regulating skilled movements

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8
Q

What are the three lobes of the cerebellum

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Flocculonodular
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9
Q

What are the three functional zones of the cerebellum

A
  1. medial zone (or vermis)
  2. Intermediate zone
  3. Lateral zone
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10
Q

Along with the three functional zones, which structural lobe is considered a seperate functional zone itself ?

A

Flocculonodular

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11
Q

Which functional zone recieves input from vestibular afferents and vestibular nuclei

A

Flocculonodular

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12
Q

What three functions does the Flocculonodular region participate in control of?

A
  1. Eye movements
  2. Balance
  3. Locomotion
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13
Q

Which functional region plays a role in regulating extensor tone and sustaining upright stance ?

A

Medial zone (vermis)

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14
Q

Which functional zone uses feed-forward mechanisms to plays a role in precision in timing of muscle contractions, for example, dexterity tasks

A

Lateral zone

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15
Q

A unilateral lesion of the Left side of the Cerebellum, will likely affect what side of the body

A

Left

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16
Q

What are the three cerebellar Peduncles

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
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17
Q

What three parts comprise the Cerebellar cortex

A
  1. Spinocerebellum
  2. Cerebrocerebellum
  3. Vestibulocerebellum
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18
Q

What arteries supply the cerebellum (3)

A
  1. SCA
  2. PICA
  3. AICA
19
Q

The Superior Peduncle has afferent or efferent pathways

A

Efferent

20
Q

The Middle Peduncle has afferent or efferent pathways

A

Afferent

21
Q

The Inferior Peduncle has afferent or efferent pathways

A

Both

22
Q

Define ataxia

A

A general term that describes abnormal coordination of movements

23
Q

Ataxia, can be demonstrated by what movement deficits?

A
  1. Speed
  2. Amplitude of displacement
  3. Directional accuracy
  4. Force of movement
24
Q

Ataxia comprises what 8 movement disorders

A
  1. Dysmetria
  2. Rebound phenomenon
  3. Dysdiadochokinesia
  4. Tremor
  5. Dyssynergia
  6. Hypotonia
  7. Dysarthria
  8. Nystagmus
25
Q

Define Dysmetria

A

inaccurate amplitude of movement and misplaced force, caused by impaired timing of muscle force

26
Q

What are two types of Dysmetria

A

Hypometria

Hypermetria

27
Q

Define the rebound pehnomenon

A

An issue with braking a movement when required

28
Q

The rebound phenomenon is likely a form of what other form of ataxia

A

Hyperemtria

29
Q

Define tremor

A

An oscillatory movement around a joint, which is brought on by alternation contractions of agonist/antagonist muscles

30
Q

Define Dyssnergia

A

a lack of coordination between agonist and antagonist muscles, resulting in lack of smooth movement

31
Q

What coordination test may test for Dyssynergia?

A

Heel-to-shin test

32
Q

How would you test intention tremor ?

A

Finger-to-nose test

33
Q

What is the basic pathophysiology of Hypotonia

A

An alteration in background activity of spinal interneurons

34
Q

Nystagmus may indicate a lesion to what area of the cerebellum

A

Flocculonodular

35
Q

Unilateral lesion causing nystagmus - the oscillating beat will be away or towards the side of the lesion

A

Towards

36
Q

Will cadence in ataxic gait generally increase or decrease

A

Decrease

37
Q

Which section is the only one to receive direct input from the spinal cord

A

Spinocerebellum

38
Q

What is the most common form of nystagmus in cerebellar dysfunction

A

Gaze-evoked nystagmus

39
Q

What are two ataxia-specific outcome measures

A
  1. The scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA)

2. The interntational cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS)

40
Q

In general terms, what do the SARA and ICARS look at?

A

Functional impairments of balance, gait, oculomotor etc.

41
Q

What 3 impairments cause difficulty with coordinated movement after cerebellar lesions

A

Predictability, adaptability, precision

42
Q

In Cerebellar ataxia, slower movements are more likely to be what?

A

Less dyssynergic and less hypermetric

43
Q

How could you use compensatory strategies to reduce dyssynergia and dysnmetria

A

Reduce DOF

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