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INS > Cerebellar and brainstem syndromes- definitions > Flashcards

Cerebellar and brainstem syndromes- definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Ataxia of gait or torso, dysarthrai, nystagmus, nausea

A

Medial cerebellar syndrome

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2
Q

Ataxia, dysmetria, intention tremor of ipsilateral limbs, dysarthria, vertigo, nystagmus, nausea

A

Lateral cerebellar syndrome

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3
Q

LMN abnormalities of ipsilateral sternocleinomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

Accessory neuropathy

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4
Q

Deviation of protruded tongue toward weak side, dysarthria due to inability to enunciate lingual sounds (la)

A

Hypoglossal neuropathy

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5
Q

Dysarthria of pharyngeal consonants (ka, ha), dysphonia, dysphagia, nasal regurgitation, ipsilateral weakness of palate elevation, diminished ipsilateral efferent limb of pharyngeal reflex

A

Vagus neuropathy

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6
Q

Ipsilateral afferent limb dysfunction of gag reflex, LMN abnormalities of stylopharyngeus muscle
Rarely, parasympathetic, viscerosensory, taste abnormalities

A

Glossopharyngeal neuropathy

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7
Q

Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, nystagmus

A

Vestibulocochlear neuropathy

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8
Q

Sound louder in ipsilateral ear with Webers and louder on mastoid for Rhinnes

A

Conductive hearing loss

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9
Q

Sound louder in contralateral ear for Webers and louder near ear than mastoid for Rhinne’s

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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10
Q

Ipsilateral hyperacusis, abnormal taste
Ipsilateral LMN abnormalities of upper and lower face
Ipsilateral decreased lacrimation and salivation

A

Facial neuropathy

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11
Q

In facial neuropathy, the ipsilateral hyperacusis is due to involvement of the ______

A

Stapedius

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12
Q

In facial neuropathy, the abnormal taste is due to involvement of the _____

A

Solitary nucleus

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13
Q

In facial neuropathy, the decrease in lacrimation and salivation is due to involvement of the _______

A

parasympathetics to glands

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14
Q

Somatosensory abnormalities of face, hyperacusis

LMN abnormalities of muscles of mastication

A

Trigeminal neuropathy

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15
Q

In trigeminal neuropathy, the hyperacusis is due to involvement of the ________

A

tensor tympany

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16
Q

Horizontal diplopia due to weakness of lateral rectus, worse with gaze in the direction of the weak muscle
Abnormal eye is unable to abudct

A

Abducens neuropathy

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17
Q

Ipsilateral weakness of eye depression when adducted and intorsion when abducted
Patients flex neck anteriorly and contralaterally to improve diplopia

A

Trochlear neuropathy

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18
Q

Ipsilateral ptosis, weakness of eye elevation and adduction

Aniscoria worse in light

A

Oculomotor neuropathy

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19
Q

Ipsilateral ptosis
Aniscoria worse in dark
Anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

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20
Q

Differentiate ptosis in Horner’s syndrome vs oculomotor neuropathy

A

Oculomotor neuropathy- levator palpebrae

Horner’s syndrome- superior tarsal muscle

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21
Q

Position, vibration, fine touch abnormalities in contralateral body
Pain, temp, gross touch abnormalities in contralateral face
LMN abnormalities of the ipsilateral tongue
UMN abnormalities of contralateral body

A

Medial medullary syndrome

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22
Q

In medial medullary syndrome, the position/ vibration/ fine touch abnormalities in the contralateral body are due to involvement of the _________

A

medial lemniscus

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23
Q

In medial medullary syndrome, the pain, temp, gross touch abnormalities in contralateral face are due to involvement of the __________

A

trigeminothalamic tract

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24
Q

In medial medullary syndrome, the LMN abnormalities of the ipsilateral tongue are due to involvement of the _______

A

hypoglossal nucleus

25
Q

In medial medullary syndrome the UMN abnormalities of the contralateral body are due to involvement of the _____

A

pyramid

26
Q

Diminished pain, temp, gross touch for ipsilateral face
Diminished pain, temp, cross touch for contralateral body (spinothalamic)
Diminished ipsilateral taste (solitary nucleus)
Vergtigo, nausea, nystagmus (vestibular nuclei)
Ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss (cochlear nuclei)
Diminished ipsilateral afferent limb function of the pharyngeal reflex (spinal trigeminal nucleus)
Diminished ipsilateral palate elevation, dysarthria, dysphagia, dysphonia, diminished ipsilateral efferent limb of gag reflex (ambiguus nucleus)
Ipsilateral limb ataxia (inferior cerebellar peduncle)
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
Usually caused by posterior inferior cerebellar artery dysfunction

A

Lateral medullary syndrome

27
Q

In lateral medullary syndrome, the diminished pain, temp, gross touch for ipsilateral face is due to involvement of _____

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus

28
Q

In lateral medullary syndrome, the diminished pain, temp, gross touch for contralateral body is due to involvement of the _______

A

spinothalamic tract

29
Q

Position, vibration, fine touch abnormalities of contralateral body
Somatosensory abnormalities of contralateral face

UMN abnormalities of contralateral body
Limb ataxia 
Ipsilateral eye abduction weakness 
Ipsilateral horizontal gaze paresis 
Ipsilateral opthalmoparesis 
Weakness of ipsilateral face 
Contralateral lower facial weakness
A

Medial pontine syndrome

30
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the position, vibration, fine touch abnormalities of contralateral body are due to involvement of ______

A

medial lemniscus

31
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the somatosensory abnormalities of contralateral face are due to involvement of the ______

A

trigeminothalamic tract

32
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the UMN abnormalities of contralateral body are due to involvement of the ______

A

corticospinal tract

33
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the limb ataxia is due to involvement of ______

A

corticopontine tract

34
Q

In medial pontine syndrome the ipsilateral eye abduction weakness is due to involvement of _______

A

abducens nucleus

35
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the ipsilateral opthalmoparesis is due to involvement of _____

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

36
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the weakness of ipsilateral face is due to involvement of _____

A

facial nucleus

37
Q

In medial pontine syndrome, the contralateral lower facial weakness is due to involvement of

A

corticobulbar tract

38
Q

Pain, temperature, gross touch abnormalities of contralateral body
Somatosensory abnormalities of ipsilateral face and ipsilateral afferent limb dysfunction of corneal reflex
Ipsilateral hyperacusis
Ipsilateral hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, nystagmus
ipsilateral upper and lower facial weakness and efferent limb dysfunction of corneal reflex
LMN abnormalities of ipsilateral muscles of mastication
Ipsilateral limb ataxia
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

A

Lateral pontine syndrome

39
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the ipsilateral limb ataxia is due to involvement of _____

A

pontocerebellar tract

40
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the LMN abnormalities of ipsilateral muscles of mastication is due to involvement of _____

A

trigeminal nucleus

41
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the ipsilateral upper and lower and upper facial weakness and the dysfunction of corneal reflex are due to involvement of _____

A

facial nucleus

42
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the pain/ temp/ gross touch abnormalities in the contralateral body is due to involvement of _____

A

spinothalamic tract

43
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the somatosensory abnormalities of ipsilateral face and ipsilateral afferent limb dysfunction of corneal reflex is due to involvement of _____

A

trigeminal nucleus

44
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the hyperacusis is due to involvement of _____

A

facial and trigeminal nuclei

45
Q

In lateral pontine syndrome, the ipsilateral hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, nystagmus is due to involvement of ______

A

vestibular or cochlear nuclei

46
Q

Loss of most voluntary motor functions, may have control of eyelid elevation

A

Locked in syndrome

bilateral lesion of basis pontis sparing tegmentum

47
Q

UMN abnormalities of contralateral arm, leg, lower face
Ptosis, dysconjugacy
Contralateral trochlear neuropathy
Contralateral limb ataxia
Dysfunction of ipsilateral efferent limb of pupillary light reflex

A

Medial midbrain syndrome

48
Q

In medial midbrain syndrome, the UMN abnormalities of the contralateral arm, leg, and lower face are due to involvement of _________

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

49
Q

In medial midbrain syndrome, the ptosis and dysconjugacy are due to involvement of _______

A

oculomotor nucleus

50
Q

In medial midbrain syndrome, the contralateral trochlear neuropathy is due to involvement of the _____

A

trochlear nucleus

51
Q

In medial midbrain syndrome the contralateral limb ataxia is due to involvement of the _______

A

corticopontine tract

52
Q

In medial midbrain syndrome the dysfunction of the ipsilateral efferent limb of the pupillary reflex is due to involvement of the _________

A

EW nucleus

53
Q

Somatosensory abnormalities of contralateral face, arm, leg

UMN abnormalities of contralatreral leg, arm, face
Contralateral limb ataxia

Horner’s syndrome

A

Lateral midbrain syndrome

54
Q

In lateral midbrain syndrome, the somatosensory abnormalities of the contralateral face, arm, and leg are due to involvement of ______

A

trigeminothalamic, spinothalamic, medial lemniscus

55
Q

In lateral midbrain syndrome the UMN abnormalities of the contralateral arm, leg, and face are due to involvement of the ______

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

56
Q

In lateral midbrain syndrome the contralateral limb ataxia is due to involvement of ______

A

corticopontine tract

57
Q

Monocular visual loss

Afferent pupillary defect

A

Retinopathy, optic neuropathy

58
Q

Lesion of medial optic chiasm

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

INS (21 decks)

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