Cereals Flashcards
What is a cereal
A cereal is from a grain, which are different types of cultivated grasses
Structure of a grain
Bran, endosperm, germ
Refined grain only has the endosperm
7 staple foods
Rice (rice)
Maize (corn)
Barley (beer)
Oats (porridge)
Wheat (bread)
Rye (dark dense bread)
Durum wheat (pasta)
Bran- nutrient
Fibre
Endosperm- nutrients
Carbs, protein
Germ- nutrients
B vitamins and fat
5 types of flour
Wholemeal flour
Plain flour
Self Raising flour
Rice flour
Strong plain flour
Wholemeal flour
Whole grain with nothing added or removed
Plain flour
Milled from soft wheat with low gluten and protein content
Good for pastry
Self raising flour
Plain flour + raising agents like baking powder
Rice flour
Made from finely milled rice, like plain flour but gluten free
Strong plain flour
Hard wheat grains high in gluten
Good for bread making
Fortification definition
Where nutrients are replaced/added after being lost during food processing
Fortification: flour
Calcium, iron, vit B, (thiamine + niacin)
Fortification: Breakfast cereal
Vit B, iron, Vit D
Complex carbohydrates (starch) uses
Take longer to digest + release energy
Healthiest source of energy
NSP
Non starch polysaccharide
Humans and animals can’t digest fibre but important in moving waste through the body
Bread making ingredients
Strong flour
Yeast
Water
Salt
Sugar
Bread making: strong flour
Forms glutinous bonds making bread dough elastic
Bread making: yeast
Respiration releases CO2 forcing bread dough to fill with air and rise
Bread making: water
Helps the formation of glutinous bonds
Bread making: salt
Tightens gluten strands strengthening them
Bread making: sugar
Used for respiration in yeast
Gelatinisation
When starches are heated with liquid making them swell and thicken, this is used in sauce making the sauce thicken
Dextrinisation
Breaking up of the starch molecules into smaller groups of glucose molecules when exposed to dry heat eg. Bread
Staple food definition
a food that makes up the dominant part of a population’s diet.
Bicarbonate of soda:
when heated breaks down to produce carbon dioxide bubbles that expand to make your mixture rise
Steam
water leaves the mixture as steam. The steam is created in your hot oven and the steam rising causes the mixture to raise up
Beating
when you use a spoon of fork to mix ingredients together quickly driving air into your mixture.
