Cephalosporins

Question 1

first generation

Answer 1

cefazolin, cephalexin, and cefadroxil,

Question 2

uses

Answer 2

Most active against aerobic gram-positive cocci. Are often used for skin infections caused by S. aureus and Streptococcus and for susceptible UTIs. They have activity against E. coli and some activity against H. influenzae and
Klebsiella species

Question 3

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Answer 3

250-500mg q 6 hours for 5-7 days (UTI)

Question 4

Cephazolin (Ancef)

Question 5

2nd generation

Answer 5

cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefoxitin, and cefotet are the true cephalosporins of this class; Cefoxitin and cefotetan, are
technically cephamycins, also have more coverage
against anaerobic bacteria

Question 6

uses for 2nd generation

Answer 6

(1) are more active against gram-negative organisms, such as
Moraxella, Neisseria, Salmonella, and Shigella (2) primarily for respiratory tract infections because they are better against some strains
of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae

Question 7

3rd generation

Answer 7

cefdinir, cefditoren, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime,
ceftibuten, and ceftriaxone

Question 8

3rd generation uses

Answer 8

have enhanced activity and a broader spectrum against
gram-negative organisms, including Neisseria species, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, and other Enterobacteriaceae. (2) useful
for more severe community-acquired respiratory,
intraabdominal, and UTIs and
for nosocomial infections

Question 9

Cefpodoxime

Answer 9

100mg q 12 hours for 5-7 days (UTI)

Question 10

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Answer 10

1g q 24 hours (Pyelo)

Question 11

4th generation

Answer 11

Cefepime. It has good activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa and many Enterobacteriaceae. The
gram-negative and anaerobic coverage makes cefepime useful for intra-abdominal infections,
respiratory tract infections, and skin infections.

Question 12

5th generation

Answer 12

ceftaroline and ceftobriprole

Question 13

Drug Interactions

Answer 13

The serum level of all cephalosproins are increased with the co-adminstartion of probenecid. the effects of warfarin may be enhanced by coadministration of cefotetan, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and ceftriazome

Question 14

Pregnancy Category B