Cephalexin Monohydrate (Cephalosporin Antibiotic) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brand name of cephalexin monohydrate?

A

Keflex

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2
Q

What strength capsules of Keflex are available?

A

250mg, 500mg, 750mg

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3
Q

What strength powder for oral suspension of Keflex is available?

A

125 mg per 5 mL, and 250 mg per5 mL (following reconstitution)

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4
Q

What strength tablets of Keflex is available?

A

250mg & 500mg

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5
Q

What is the FDA approved indication for Keflex? What is the dose?

A

To be used in infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella species, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis

Dose: 250 mg to 1 g every six hours. May use 500 mg every 12 hours for streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and skin structure infections and uncomplicated cystitis and patients over 15 years of age.

Children’s Dose: 25 to 100 mg/kg/day in for equally divided doses.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalexin monohydrate?

A

Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of the transpeptidase enzyme.

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7
Q

What are the drug interactions for cephalexin monohydrate?

A
  • May alter the absorption of estrogen’s including oral contraceptives.
  • Probenecid increases serum concentration.
  • May cause a false positive for nonspecific urine glucose tests, for some proteinurea tests, and for direct Coomb’s test.
  • May falsely elevate urinary 17-ketosteroid values
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8
Q

What are the contraindications for cephalexin monohydrate?

A
  • Contraindicated in patients hyper sensitive to penicillin and or cephalosporins. Estimated incidence of cross sensitivity is 5% to 16%.
  • Use with caution in patients with renal function impairment.
  • Cases of pseudomembranous colitis have occurred during treatment with cephalosporins.
  • Report persistent or severe diarrhea to physician
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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Keflex?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, itching, and rash.

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10
Q

What should the RPh tell the patient when counseling them on the use of cephalexin monohydrate?

A
  • Preferably taken on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals with a full glass (240 mL) of water
  • Take at even intervals; preferably around the clock
  • Complete full course of therapy unless otherwise directed
  • Keep suspension refrigerated. Discard unused portion after 14 days. Shake suspension well before using.
  • If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible.
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