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BioChem 1st Shifting > Centrifugation > Flashcards

Centrifugation Flashcards

1
Q

The most popular technique used in biological sciences for separation of particles/microorganisms by centrifuge

A

Centrifugation

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2
Q

a device for separation of microorganisms from the suspended fluid using centrifugal force (g-force)

A

Centrifuge

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3
Q

In a solution, _____ particles sediment in influence of gravitational field

A

higher density

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4
Q

When centrifugal force applied by the centrifuge, the particles _____

A

move faster

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5
Q

Expressed as a multiple of acceleration (G) due to gravity (g)

A

Relative Centrifugal Force

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6
Q

When a biological sample moves in centrifuge, it experiences an _____

A

Outward centrifugal force

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7
Q

Rate of sedimentation of biological sample is dependent on the _____

A

Applied centrifugal force

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8
Q

The applied centrifugal force is determined by the _____ of the particle from the axis of rotation

A

Radial distance

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9
Q

Can be defined as numbers of revolutions (cycles) per second

A

Frequency

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10
Q

the ratio of the centrifugal acceleration (G) and gravitational acceleration (g)

A

Relative centrifugal force (RCF)

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11
Q

Sedimenting particles have only short distance to travel before pelleting, has a shorter run time, and is the most widely used rotor type

A

Fixed angle rotor

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12
Q

Longer distance of travel may allow better separation, such as in density gradient centrifugation

A

Swinging bucket rotor

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13
Q

Easier to withdraw supernatant without disturbing pellet

A

Swinging bucket rotor

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14
Q

Super speed centrifuge

A

High-speed centrifuges

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15
Q

Which centrifuge type can handle larger sample volumes, from a few tens of mL to several L?

A

High-speed centrifuge

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16
Q

The rotors may come with different adapters to hold various sizes of test tubes, bottles, or microliter plates

A

High-speed centrifuge

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17
Q

RPM of High-speed centrifuge

A

3000 rpm (1500-20000 rpm)

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18
Q

Maximum angular velocity of ultracentrifuge

A

70000 rpm (65000 rpm)

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19
Q

Can be used in the study of membrane fractionation

A

Ultracentrifuge

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20
Q

Can separate molecules in batch or continuous flow systems

A

Ultracentrifuge

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21
Q

During the run of this centrifuge, the particles or molecules will migrate through the test tube at different speeds depending on their physical properties and the properties of the solution

A

Ultracentrifuge

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22
Q

A centrifuge that is normally refrigerated and is often used for research applications

A

High-speed centrifuge

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23
Q

Expensive and requires a special rotor and the care in use balance is critical

A

Ultracentrifuge

24
Q

Used to process small volumes of biological molecules, cells, or nuclei

A

Microcentrifuge

25
Q

Volume of tubes that holds the liquid of microcentrifuge

A

0.5-2mL

26
Q

Maximum angular speed of microcentrifuge

A

12000-13000 rpm

27
Q

Small enough to fit on a table-top and have rotors that can quickly change speeds

A

Microcentrifuge

28
Q

Simple centrifuges that are used to separate erythrocytes, blood samples, coarse precipitates, and cells

A

Small bench/laboratory centrifuge

29
Q

Speed range and centrifugal force of small bench centrifuge

A

4000-6000 rpm and 3000-7000 g

30
Q

Volume of liquid processed by small bench centrifuge and how much time does it take

A

250 mm3 - 1.5 cm3 , for 1-2 min

31
Q

Common use of microcentrifuge

A

biochemistry/ molecular biology/ biological labs

32
Q

Common use of small bench top centrifuge

A

clinical labs (blood/ plasma/ serum/ separation)

33
Q

How much tubes is the approximate capacity of small bench top centrifuge?

A

100 tubes

34
Q

How much is the maximum generated force of microcentrifuge?

A

15000 x g

35
Q

Helps in preserving the morphology and activity of subcellular fractions

A

Sucrose and Ficoll

36
Q

Useful in isopycnic density gradient centrifugation technique

A

Cesium chloride and Potassium bromide

37
Q

Because of its low osmolarity, low viscosity and large particle size, is suitable for separating cells, bacteria, viruses, and subcellular organelles

A

Percoll

38
Q

For the isolation of membrane fractions by floatation

A

Metrizamide and Nycodenz

39
Q

For cell fractionation

A

Renografin

40
Q

Centrifugal force required for nuclei

A

800 - 1000 g

41
Q

Centrifugal force required for mitochondria

A

20000 - 30000 g

42
Q

Centrifugal force required for chloroplasts

A

20000 - 30000 g

43
Q

Centrifugal force required for lysosomes

A

20000 - 30000 g

44
Q

Centrifugal force required for microbodies

A

20000 - 30000 g

45
Q

Centrifugal force required for RER (microsomes)

A

50000 - 80000 g

46
Q

Centrifugal force required for plasma membranes, SER membranes

A

80000 - 100000 g

47
Q

Centrifugal force required for free ribosome particles

A

150000 - 300000 g

48
Q

Typical separation method for DNA and RNA and its most appropriate rotor

A

CaCl gradient, 4000000xg; Ethidium Bromide staining ; vertical and fixed angle

49
Q

Typical separation method for viruses and its most appropriate rotor

A

Sucrose gradients, 100000xg ; swinging bucket

50
Q

Typical separation method for proteins and its most appropriate rotor

A

Rate-zonal separation, 600000xg ; fixed angle

51
Q

Typical separation method for cells and organelles and its most appropriate rotor

A

Differential pelleting-low speeds for cells; high speeds-smaller organelles ; fixed angle

52
Q

Used to measure the sedimentation velocity in an ultracentrifuge and to determine molecular weight by substitution in an equation

A

Svedberg unit

53
Q

Relationship between RPM and RCF

A

Direct

54
Q

Relationship between G and size particles

A

Inverse

55
Q

For swinging bucket type, what is the relationship between distance and separation level?

A

Direct (more distance means better separation)

56
Q

A process of combination of sediments after centrifugation

A

Pelleting

57
Q

A quality control instrument that checks the speed of centrifuge (in RPM)

A

Tachometer

BioChem 1st Shifting (7 decks)

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