Central Nervous System drugs

Question 1

An old man is experiencing these: symptoms tremor or shaking, often when resting or tired. It usually begins in one arm or hand muscle rigidity or stiffness, which can limit movement and may be painful, slowing of movement, which may lead to periods of freezing (inability to start moving) and small shuffling steps, stooped posture and balance problems. What Disease does the man possible have?

Answer 1

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Question 2

It is an analeptic agent a stimulant of the central nervous system and increases the rate and depth of respiration. It is also used for post-anesthetic respiratory depression, and for respiratory depression caused by drug use.

Answer 2

DOXAPRAM

Question 3

Akki and Jae having a good conversation but while akki is talking she suddenly fell asleep and it happens really several times in a day that’s why Jae decided to take her in hospital. Based on the symptoms what akki’s experiencing, She might have what kind of neurological disorder?

Answer 3

NARCOLEPSY

Question 4

Tania is experiencing a sleep disorder and insomnia what type of drugs that can help her? Also, these drugs mostly use for psychiatric disorders, to relief pain and sometimes in production of anesthesia.

Answer 4

CNS DRUGS

Question 5

It refers to the body getting used to taking a substance and requiring higher doses. Also, decreased response occurring in the course of prolonged drug use?

Answer 5

TOLERANCE

Question 6

This is a condition in which a person takes a drug over time, and unpleasant physical symptoms occur if the drug is suddenly stopped or taken in smaller doses. State in which abrupt discontinuation of drug use will precipitate a withdrawal syndrome. This is also can lead to addiction.

Answer 6

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

Question 7

What is the Mechanism of action and therapeutic role of Amantadine?

Answer 7

The Mechanism of action of Amantadine is that it is an Anti-viral but promotes release of dopamine.
The Therapeutic role of Amantadine it is in 2nd or 3rd line drug.

Question 8

This drug has the mechanism of action that converted to dopamine and activates dopamine receptors (DOPAMINE REPLACEMENT)

Answer 8

Levodopa/Carbidopa

Question 9

What are the four Drug Interactions of Dopaminergic Drugs?

Answer 9

• Reduced when taking pyridoxine [VIT B6], phenytoin, benzodiazepines, reserpine and papaverine
• Use with MAOI increases the risk of hypertensive crisis
• Use with antipsychotic reduces the effectiveness of levodopa
• Amantadine may increase anticholinergic adverse effects

Question 10

Give at least three example of adverse effect of Bromocriptine drug

Answer 10

Hypotension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia

Question 11

Give at least two example of Adverse effect of Selegiline Drug

Answer 11

Insomnia
Nausea
Headache

Question 12

This is a brain disease where nerve cells don’t signal properly, which causes seizures and group of disorders characterized by excessive excitability of neurons in the CNS. What is the name of this brain disease?

Answer 12

EPILEPSY

Question 13

What are the two types of seizures?

Answer 13

Partial seizures
- Excitation undergoes limited spread from the focus to adjacent cortical areas and will affect only one area of your brain. Also, It doesn’t cause you to lose consciousness.
Generalized seizures
- These seizures affect both sides of the hemispheres of the brain or groups of cells on both sides of the brain at the same time.

Question 14

What are the four Anti Epileptic drugs Mechanism?

Answer 14

• Suppression of sodium Influx
• Suppression of calcium Influx
• Antagonism of Glutamate
• Potentiation of GABA

Question 15

These three are the indications of Hydantoins

Answer 15

• Control of tonic-clonic seizure and complex partial seizures [DOC]
• Status epilepticus
• Prevention and treatment of seizures during neurosurgery

Question 16

This medication is can be used as a daytime sedative or as a sleeping pills and this can able to suppress seizures without causing generalized.

Answer 16

Phenobarbital

Question 17

This drug is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by certain medical problems. Also, Used for treatment of malignant hyperthermia.

Answer 17

DANTROLENE SODIUM

Question 18

What should the nurse consider by administering Dantrolene sodium?

Answer 18

The nurse should Obtain history of pan and muscle spasm and reassess during treatment, Monitor CBC results and liver function tests, If severe diarrhea, severe weakness, sensitivity reactions occur, withhold the dose and notify physician, and Avoid abrupt discontinuation.

Question 19

This indicated for the treatment of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis and is particularly useful for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity. Also, it produce less sedation and less peripheral muscle weakness than dantrolene and Most common adverse effect is transient drowsiness.

Answer 19

BACLOFEN

Question 20

These are the examples of Benzodiazepines and their intended effects:

Answer 20

Examples of Benzodiazepines
- Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
Intended Effects:
- Maintenance of the client’s vital signs within normal limit
- Decrease in the risk of seizures.
- Decrease in the intensity of withdrawal manifestations.