Central Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System (what it is and three parts)

Answer 1

-specialized tissue that carries impulses throughout the body

1. sensory input
2. integration
3. motor output

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

gathers information (stimuli) about the environment

Question 3

integration

Answer 3

• process and interpret sensory input

- decides on an action

Question 4

motor output

Answer 4

-response to stimuli (muscle or gland)

Question 5

structural classification

Answer 5

1. central nervous system (CNS)
   - brain and spinal cord
2. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
   - all other neural tissue

Question 6

sensory (afferent) division

Answer 6

carries information toward CNS from receptors

Question 7

motor (efferent) division

Answer 7

carries information away from CNS to effectors

Question 8

neural cells (types)

Answer 8

neurons (nerve cells), neuroglia (glial cells)

Question 9

neurons (function)

Answer 9

• carry electrical impulses (AP)

- process information

Question 10

neuroglia (function, types)

Answer 10

-support and protect neurons

types:

• ependymal cells
• microglia
• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes

Question 11

ependymal cells

Answer 11

-bathes brain and spinal cord with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

CSF: nourishes and protects brain tissue

Question 12

microglia

Answer 12

remove waste and debris

Question 13

astrocytes

Answer 13

forms blood brain carrier

BBB: protective layer around blood vessels

Question 14

oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

wraps around axons with myelin

Question 15

functional anatomy of CNS

Answer 15

1. brain
   - cerebrum
   - cerebellum
   - diencephalon
   - brain stem
2. spinal cord

Question 16

cerebrum (structure, areas, divided into lobes, function)

Answer 16

structure: two hemispheres divided by longitudinal fissure

Areas

• cortex: superficial surface
• corpus callosum: connects two hemispheres for communication
• gyri: ridges
• sulci: shallow grooves
• fissures: deep grooves

divided into lobes

• frontal lobe
• temporal lobe
• parietal lobe
• occipital lobe

function: thought, memory, sensation, regulation of skeletal muscles

Question 17

frontal lobe (function)

Answer 17

coordinate movements (skeletal muscle), reasoning, emotion

Question 18

temporal lobe (function)

Answer 18

• receives and monitors auditory stimuli
• memory
• speech

Question 19

parietal lobe (function)

Answer 19

receives and monitors general somatosensory information (touch, pain, temperature)

Question 20

occipital lobe (function)

Answer 20

receives and interprets visual information

Question 21

cerebellum function

Answer 21

• automatic control of posture-

- coordination of body movements

Question 22

diencephalon (function, includes)

Answer 22

-links cerebral hemispheres to the rest of the CNS

includes

• thalamus: relays/ processes sensory information
• hypothalamus: roles in emotions, regulating temperature, water balance, metabolism, hormones, day-night cycles

Question 23

brain stem (parts (3))

Answer 23

1. midbrain: processes visual and auditory information
2. pons: regulates breathing
3. medulla oblongata: regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

Question 24

right brain (functions)

Answer 24

• movement and sensory perception for the left side of the body
• associated with creativity, music, spatial orientation, dream imagery, intuition

Question 25

left brain (function)

Answer 25

• movement and sensory perception for the right side of the body
• associated with logic, analytical processing, language, math