central endocrine glands

Question 0

peptides

Answer 0

amino acid chains, from the body

Question 1

hydrophilic hormones

Answer 1

peptides and catecholamines

Question 2

steroids

Answer 2

cholesterol, from adrenal cortex, gonads, placental

Question 3

hydrophilic

Answer 3

bind to surface membrane receptors and produce effects through 2nd messenger system ( cAMP and Calcium)

Question 4

pituitary gland

Answer 4

small gland located at the base of the brain, connected to hypothalamus by a thin connecting stalk. Has 2 anatomical and functionally distinct lobes ( pos and ant)

Question 5

posterior pituitary

Answer 5

neurohypophysis- nervous tissues

Question 6

anterior pituitary

Answer 6

adrenohypophysis- glandular epithelia tissue

Question 7

2 factors that regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Answer 7

hypothalamic hormone, feedback by target gland hormone

Question 8

Anterior pituitary includes which hormones?

Answer 8

TST, FSH, Prolactin, LH, GH, ACTH

Question 9

TSH

Answer 9

Thyroid stimulating hormone, produces T3 and T4, metabolic rate

Question 10

ACTH

Answer 10

adrenal cortex, cortisol, stress response and metabolic

Question 11

Prolactin

Answer 11

mammary glands, breast growth and milk

Question 12

LH and FSH are

Answer 12

gonads! LH is for sex hormone and FSH is for gamete- both are gonotrophins

Question 13

Growth hormone

Answer 13

• produced by somatotrophic cells
• body growth and metabolism
• targets bones and skeletal muscles
• stimulates growth by activating osteoblasts
• mobilizes fat stores as major energy

Question 14

other factors that influence growth

Answer 14

genetic determination, diet- protein and amino acids, freedom from chronic disease and environmental conditions, normal level of hormone

Question 15

other growth influence hormones

Answer 15

• thyroid: skeletal growth
• Insulin: interacts with IGF-I receptor, too much growth
• Androgens: puberal growth spurt, protein synthesis, linear growth
• Estrogens: ??? some says it inhibits chondroyte proliferation

Question 16

posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 16

2 small peptide hormones:

• Vasopressin
• Oxytocin

Question 17

vasopressin

Answer 17

aka Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• conserve water during urine formation
• decrease urine production
• decrease sweating
• increase bp

Question 18

Oxytocin

Answer 18

-during delivery, stimulates uterine contraction and milk generation during breast feeding