Central Dogma of Biology Flashcards
What are the 3 steps of Central Dogma
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
It describes the flow of
genetic information in
cells from DNA to
messenger RNA
(mRNA) to protein.
The Central Dogma of
Molecular Biology
Process of making proteins
protein synthesis
Why do we need proteins?
> proteins are the ‘executor’ of cell life activities
> WE are made of CELLS, so for us to be able to function PROPERLY our cells must be able to produce proteins
Proteins are made up of?
It is the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Before amino acids become proteins, the become?
These are short amino acid chains
Peptides
Types of RNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Carries genetic
codes from DNA
(nucleus) to
ribosomes
mRNA
80% of total RNA in
the body, found in
ribosomes (ribosomes is found in the cell)
rRNA
Transfer amino
acids during protein
synthesis
tRNA
KEYPLAYERS in DNa replication
ENZYMES
>Helicase
>Primase
>DNA polymerase
>Ligase
> It is the “unzipping enzyme”
> an enzyme that
unzips/separate the
double helix by breaking
the hydrogen bonds
between the
complementary bases
> SCISSOR symbol
Helicase
> It is the “initializer”
> an enzyme that
synthesizes short RNA
sequences called PRIMERS
These primers serve as a
starting point for DNA
synthesis.
Primase
> It is the “builder”
> an enzyme that
replicates DNA to
build a new strand.
DNA polymerase
> It is the “gluer”
> an enzyme which connects two strands of DNA together
Ligase
