Central Dogma

Question 1

The original or parental strands separate, and each becomes a template for the synthesis of the new strand.

Answer 1

Semiconservative DNA Replication

Question 2

is a process that synthesizes DNA by copying the existing DNA. It remains unaltered through the lifetime.

Answer 2

DNA REPLICATION

Question 3

3 Phases of DNA REPLICATION

Answer 3

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
   3.Termination

Question 4

This is the bond linking 2 sugars (at C3 of one sugar and C5 of another)

Answer 4

Phospodiester bond

Question 5

an enzyme that unwinds DNA strands

Answer 5

Helicase

Question 6

an enzyme that relieves the tosional stress that arises ahead of the replication fork when the helicase enzyme unwinds the DNA strands

Answer 6

Topoisomerase

Question 7

an enzyme that copies a DNA
template strand by making an RNA complementary
to it.

It serves as a priming site where DNA
polymerase can begin to synthesize a DNA strand.

Answer 7

Primase

Question 8

the major polymerising enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester
bond

Answer 8

DNA polymerase III

Question 9

binds single stranded DNA to stabilize it, so that the hydrogen- bonding surfaces of the DNA bases are spatially oriented toward the incoming nucleotides.

Answer 9

Single-strand DNA binding protein (SSB)

Question 10

a protein dimer that encircles the DNA strand and helps hold the DNA polymerase to the DNA strand.

Answer 10

Sliding clamp

Question 11

the enzyme that has a exonuclease function to remove the RNA primers and the polymerase function to replace the primers with deoxynucleotides.

Answer 11

DNA polymerase I

Question 12

catalyzes the covalent joining of the individual pieces of the lagging strand. It covalently closes nicks in double-stranded DNA. It seals Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand of DNA replication.

Answer 12

DNA ligase

Question 13

The synthesis of RNA molecules using a dsDNA as the template.

It takes place in the nucleus of the eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of the prokaryotes.

Answer 13

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 14

A T G Ca to A U G C

DNA to mRNA

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

depends on specific sequences in the DNA template strand. As the RNA polymerase approaches the end of the gene being transcribed, it hits a region rich in C and G nucleotides.

Answer 15

factor-independent termination

Question 16

The RNA contains a binding site for a protein called Rho factor.

Rho factor binds to this sequence and starts “climbing” up the transcript towards RNA polymerase.

Answer 16

factor-dependent termination

Question 17

A process whereby the information from the specific DNA sequence is expressed as a specific amino acid sequence in a polypeptide or protein.

it takes place in the cytoplasm of the prokaryotes and in the endoplasmic reticulum of the eukaryotes.
A G U to Serine

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

a short linear polymer made of four different nucleotide subunits, linked together by phosphodiester bonds
Single-stranded and can fold up into a variety of shapes

Answer 18

RNA ribonucleic acid

Question 19

rna responsible for carrying information from genes for the production of polypeptides in the cytoplasm

Answer 19

messenger/mRNA

Question 20

responsible for transporting amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Answer 20

transport rna/tRNA

Question 21

associated with ribosomal proteins form ribosomes

Answer 21

rRNA or ribosomal RNA

Question 22

a process that produces single- stranded DNA from RNA

occurs in reverse transcribing; viruses (retroviruses, such as HIV and Hepatitis B)

Answer 22

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

Question 23

end product of transcription

Answer 23

RNA

Question 24

end product of translation

Answer 24

PROTEIN

Question 25

LOCATION OF TRANSLATION

Answer 25

ER in eukaryotes
Cytoplasm in prokaryotes

Question 26

deals with the detailed residue-by- residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein to either protein or nucleic acid.

Answer 26

Central dogma of molecular biology

Question 27

is a process that synthesizes DNA by copying the existing DNA. It remains unaltered through the lifetime.

Answer 27

DNA REPLICATION

Question 28

responsible for transporting amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer 28

tRNA

Question 29

used to evaluate the amount of RNA and establish the expression profile

Answer 29

Reverse transcriptase or RNA-dependent DNA polymerases

Question 30

A process whereby the information from the specific DNA sequence is expressed as a speicific amino acid sequence in a polypeptide or protein

Answer 30

Translation

Question 31

Transcription takes place in ____ in eukaryotes and ____ in prokaryotes.

Answer 31

nucles;cytoplasm

Question 32

template of translation

Answer 32

mRNA strand

Question 33

DNA polymerase,
DNA primase,
DNA, helicase, DNA ligase, topoisomerase are components of?

Answer 33

DNA replication