Cellular Transport Terminology + Scientific Methodology Flashcards
concentration gradient
a difference in chemical concentration from one point to another, as on two sides of a plasma membrane
filtration
movement of water and solutes through a selectively permeable membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure
diffusion
net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration as a result of their constant spontaneous motion
passive transport
require no energy (ATP) expenditure by the cell
osmosis
the net flow of water through selectively permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion
the process of transporting a chemical through a cellular membrane, down its concentration gradient, with the aid of a carrier that does not consume ATP
phagocytosis
a form of endocytosis in which a cell surrounds a foreign particle with pseudopods and engulfs it, enclosing it in a cytoplasmic vesicle called a phagosome
hypertonic
having a higher osmotic pressure than human cells, causes the cell to shrink
hypotonic
having a lower osmotic pressure than human cells, causes the cell to swell or get big
isotonic
having the same osmotic pressure as human cells or some other reference solution
active transport
a process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane up its concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP (against concentration gradient)
hypothesis
an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection
controlled variable
an experimental element which is constant and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation
independent variable
the variable that is changed and controlled in a scientific experiment
dependent variable
what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment
