Cellular respiration as an example of biochemical pathways Flashcards
Cellular respiration
All living things require a constant source of chemical energy in the form of ATP to perform basic functions of life. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process in cells that produces ATP.
Formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Mitochondria
Enclosed within a double membrane is an outer smooth one and an inner one that is folded into cristae (singular: crista); between them is the intermembrane space.
Within the inner membrane is a fluid-filled space called the matrix.
Glycolysis
Cytosol
Input = Glucose, NAD+, ADP + Pi
Output = Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
2 ATP
Krebs cycle (including pyruvate oxidation)
Matrix of mitochondria
Input = 2 acetyl CoA VIA 2 Pyruvate, NAD+, FAD, ADP + Pi
output = Co2, NADH, FADH, ATP
2 ATP
Electron transport chain
Cristae
Input = O2, NADH, FADH2, ADP + Pi
Output = H2O, NAD+, FAD, ATP
32-34 ATP
Lactic acid fermentation (animals)
Occurs in the cytosol
Occurs after glycolysis
Overall:
Input = Glucose, NAD+, ADP + Pi
Output = Lactic acid, NAD+, ATP
2 pyruvate become 2 molecules of lactic acid
Alcohol fermentation (yeast)
Occurs in the cytosol
Occurs after glycolysis
Overall:
Input = Glucose, NAD+, ADP + Pi
Output = Ethanol Co2, NAD+, ATP
2 Pyruvate becoming ethanol and co2
No ATP in fermentation, produced in glycolysis
Temperature
- As temp drops below optimus, reaction rate drops due to low thermal energy (fews collisions between substrate and enzyme) enzyme becomes inactive
- As temp increases above optimum, reaction rate reduces and heat denaturation occurs
Glucose availability
As glucose concentrations increase, so does cellular respiration until it levels off due to limiting factors
Oxygen concentration
As oxygen concentration increases, so does cellular respiration until it levels of due to limiting factors
