Bioethics

Question 1

Approaches

Answer 1

Consequence based, duty/rule based, virtues based

Question 2

Consequence based

Answer 2

Aim to maximise the positive effects (benefits) and minimise the negative effect (harm) of a particular action.

Question 3

Duty / rule-based

Answer 3

State that people have the duty to act in a certain way, and obey certain rules, regardless of the outcome.

Question 4

Virtues based

Answer 4

Consider the moral character or virtue of the person conducting the action: are they seeking to exhibit ‘good’ characteristics and behaviours?

Question 5

Concepts

Answer 5

Integrity, justice, respect, beneficence, non-maleficence

Question 6

Integrity

Answer 6

→ Recording data accurately, not changing data that does not support your hypothesis.
→ Acknowledging and referencing sources of information (books, websites, articles and people who have helped you)
→ Not using other people’s ideas or data without their knowledge or permission.
→ allowing others to fully scrutinise your work to further public knowledge and understanding.

Question 7

Justice

Answer 7

Is the moral obligation to:
→ Consider competing claims
→ Not place unfair burden on a particular group
→ Fairly distribute access to the benefits of an action.

Question 8

Respect

Answer 8

→ Giving intrinsic value to living things
→ Being considerate of their welfare, freedom, autonomy, benefits, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage.
→ Considering that living things can make their own decisions and empower and protect those who have diminished capacity to do so.

Question 9

Beneficence

Answer 9

Is a commitment to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks and harms involved in taking a particular course of action.

Question 10

Non-

maleficence

Answer 10

→ Is the commitment to avoid causing harm

→ Ensuring that any harm caused is proportional to the benefit gained from taking that course of action

Question 11

Social implication

Answer 11

• increased food supply and quality
• costs to farmers
• access to technology, social equality/inequality
• expand range for growth of agriculture

Question 12

Biological implications

Answer 12

• safety of consuming GMOs
• Health of GMOs
• cross pollination between GM plants and wild plants
• cross pollination between GM and non GM crops
• viability of tranegetc organism in the wild

Question 13

Ethical implications

Answer 13

• violation of animals rights
• human self interest overrides ethical treatment of other organisms
• Intervention in evolutionary process