Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1/2 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

It is the metabolic process by which cells make energy from food molecules (Glucose) into ATP through a series of chemical reactions controlled by enzymes .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is ATP an unstable molecule?

A

It wants to get rid of one phosphate molecule so it will become ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens with a phosphate bond?

A
  • A lot of energy is stored in this bond.
  • When the bond is broken, the energy is used to activate metabolic reactions.
  • ATP turns into ADP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to the energy from the phosphate bonds?

A

The energy is released and is used to make: a muscle move, a membrane protein transport a solute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is ATP continuously recycled?

A

Food energy in the mitochondria can convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is available to do needed work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regular cellular respiration:

A
  • it is aerobic (requires oxygen)

- Some organisms can only do anaerobic cellular respiration (e.g. Anaerobic bacteria).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three types of anaerobic bacteria?

A
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Aero-tolerant bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A
  • they are bacteria that are capable of growing when when there is no oxygen.
  • There energy comes from fermentation.
  • If there is oxygen, they can get their energy by aerobic respiration.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A
  • they need an environment where there is no oxygen.

- they cannot survive when there is oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aero-tolerant bacteria

A
  • they do not need oxygen to grow.

- They can survive when oxygen is around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much energy is lost through heat when energy is converted?

A
  • When the energy in glucose is converted to ATP, it is only about 40% efficient with the rest being lost as heat.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two ways cellular respiration can occur?

A
  • with oxygen (aerobic pathway). Produces 36 ATP

- without oxygen (anaerobic pathway). Produces 2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three stages to make ATP?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Krebs cycle
  3. Electron Transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the aerobic formula?

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1st stage of respiration: Glycolysis

A
  • it occurs in the cytoplasm
  • it does not require oxygen
  • One glucose molecule breaks down into 2 pyruvate molecules.
  • It produces 2 ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What options do the two pyruvate molecules have?

A
  1. if oxygen is available, it enters the mitochondria and undergoes aerobic cellular respiration.
  2. If oxygen is not available, the pyruvate remains in the cytoplasm and undergoes anaerobic respiration.
17
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration also known as?

A

Fermentation

18
Q

2nd stage of respiration: Krebs cycle

A
  • it occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

- enzymes and oxygen help pyruvate break down and form carbon dioxide, water and ATP molecules

19
Q

3rd stage of respiration: Electron transport chain

A
  • It occurs in the cristae

- high energy hydrogen ions give up their energy to form 32 ATP and water.

20
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A
  • occurs when oxygen is not available.
  • It occurs in the cytoplasm
  • It can occur in animals, humans, some bacteria, plants and yeast.
  • it usually only occurs for short periods.
  • You don’t get much ATP
21
Q

Anaerobic respiration in animals

A

If oxygen is not available then fermentation produce:

Glucose -> Lactic acid + energy

22
Q

What happens when you get a cramp?

A

You muscles are not receiving enough oxygen and anaerobic respiration is occurring creating lactic acid build up.

23
Q

Anaerobic respiration in plants, yeast and bacteria

A
  • Fermentation produces:
    Glucose -> ethanol (alcohol) + carbon dioxide + energy
  • Ethanol is used for alternative gas fuel known as biofuel.
24
Q

What uses Anaerobic respiration?

A
  • alcohol
  • beer
  • wine
  • bread
25
Q

What happens to ethanol and lactic acid?

A
  • They are never totally broken down because they contain a lot of trapped energy.
  • When oxygen is available, lactic acid will convert back into pyruvate and will enter the Krebs cycle.

Biology 1/2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions