cellular respiration

Question 1

glycolysis is the breakdown of…

Answer 1

glucose to pyruvate in cytoplasm

Question 2

what is ATP required for

Answer 2

phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
- during energy investment phase of glycolysis
- leads to generation of more ATP and net gain of ATP

Question 3

what is the energy released in cellular respiration used for

Answer 3

active transport in membranes, DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell division

Question 4

glycolysis

Answer 4

series of chemical reactions occurring in cytoplasm of all cells
- no oxygen needed
- forms 2 pyruvate molc

Question 5

phosphorylation

Answer 5

enzyme catalysed chemicals reaction that attaches phosphate group to another molc
- adding phosphate makes reactant more reactive

Question 6

energy investment phase

Answer 6

2 molc of ATP used per molc of glucose

Question 7

energy pay off

Answer 7

net gain of 2 ATP molc per glucose molc in glycolysis
- produce 2 pyruvate molc
- more ATP generated
- hydrogen ions removed by dehydrogenase enzyme
- hydrogen ions passed onto coenzyme NAD forming NADH

Question 8

pyruvate diffuses from..

Answer 8

cytoplasm to matrix of mitochondria

Question 9

if oxygen is present in pyruvate

Answer 9

its broken down into acetyl group which combines with coenzyme A ro form acetyl coenzyme A

Question 10

citric acid cycle

Answer 10

1. occurs in matrix of mitochondria
2. pyruvate produced by acetyl coenzyme A
3. acetyl from coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate forming citrate
4. during enzyme controlled steps citrate converted back to oxalate
5. results in generation of ATP
6. release of CO2
7. dehydrogenase removes H ions and electrons
8. NAD produced

Question 11

electron transport chain

Answer 11

series of carrier proteins attached to inner mitochondrial membrane