Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

A chemical process that breaks down glucose to generate ATP, which is a stored form of energy

Question 2

What is glucose?

Answer 2

A carbon compound that is a form of carbohydrate (sugar)

Question 3

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic: do not have membrane bound organelles. Usually exist as unicellular organism (for ex. bacteria)

Eukaryotic: do have membrane bound organelles, usually multicellular organisms

Question 4

Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Do Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Where does cellular respiration happen mostly in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

Where does cellular respiration happen mostly in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

cytoplasm (jelly fluid that fills the surrounding space inside of the cell)

Question 8

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

Aerobic sounds like “AIR-OBIC” –> “uses oxygen”

A”N”aerobic –> NO oxygen

aerobic respiration is when the cell uses oxygen to carry out cellular respiration and make ALOT of ATP

anaerobic respiration is when the cells DO NOT use oxygen but is able to carry out respiration and make a LITTLE bit of ATP

Question 9

What is the equation for ANAEROBIC respiration?

Answer 9

Glucose —-> CO2, alcohol or lactic acid, 2 ATP

in yeast: becomes alcohol
in muscles: becomes lactic acid

Question 10

What is the equation for AEROBIC respiration?

Answer 10

Glucose + Oxygen –> CO2, Water, 36 ATP

Question 11

What type of exercise would utilize anaerobic respiration? What type would involve aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Anaerobic exercise: short, sudden bursts of energy (weight lifting, HIIT)

Aerobic exercise: long, and utilizes endurance (long runs)

Question 12

What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?

(“balanced” just means we are including the number of molecules in the equation)

Answer 12

C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

for every glucose molecule, we get 6 molecules of CO2 and 6 molecules of H2O

Question 13

What is the first step of respiration? Describe what happens

Answer 13

The first step is –> GLYCOLYSIS

Glucose (which is a 6 carbon molecule) is split in half to form two 3 carbon molecules

Question 14

What are the three chemical reactions that make up aerobic respiration, where does each happen, and how much ATP is produced at each step?

Answer 14

1) Glycolysis – > ALWAYS occurs in cytoplasm –> 2 ATP
2) Kreb’s Cycle –> Mitochondria –> 2 ATP
3) Electron Transport Chain –> Mitochondria –> 32 ATP

36 total ATP

Question 15

In what type of respiration does glycolysis occur?

Answer 15

BOTH anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 16

Where does glycolysis occur in ALL CELLS?

Answer 16

cytoplasm, in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 17

Where in the human body does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 17

seen in muscle tissue of some animals

Question 18

which specific organisms use alot of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 18

yeast and bacteria

Question 19

What is the main by-product (or waste product) created by anaerobic respiration? How does it affect humans?

Answer 19

Lactic acid

Created only during anaerobic respiration. In humans, when muscles do not get enough oxygen and therefore energy, they will start creating lactic acid to supply energy to cells (remember how anaerobic respiration only creates a limited supply of ATP). That is why muscles get sore. When the oxygen reaches cells again (from lots of inhalation) the cells will revert back to AERobic respiration.