Cellular Respiration Flashcards
State the word equation and balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place? Be specific!
Aerobic respiration: initial stages in cytoplast, then mitochondria
(Anaerobic only in cytoplasm)
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine tri-phosphate
Write an equation for the ATP/ADP cycle.
ADP + Pi -> ATP
Energy released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is used to re-form ATP from ADP and Pi.
ATP can then be broken down to ADP and Pi, with a release of energy, which can be used for cellular needs.
Describe how aerobic respiration results in the production of ATP in a cell.
Energy released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is used to re-form ATP from ADP and Pi.
State two properties of ATP that make it effective as the energy-carrying molecule in the cell.
Small, water soluble, renewable (recyclable)
State one reason why aerobic respiration must involve a series of small, regulated steps.
- Releasing energy in smaller ‘packets’ enables greater control in energy release and avoids unfavourable cellular conditions, such as high temperatures from the release of too much energy at once, which may harm the cell.
- Enables greater efficiency in energy release – the small steps release small quantities of energy that can be more efficiently trapped by energy molecules like ATP.
State the word and chemical equation for lactic acid fermentation.
Glucose -> Lactic Acid
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
In what type(s) of organism does lactic acid fermentation occur?
Animals
State the word and chemical equation for alcohol fermentation.
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
In what type(s) of organism does alcohol fermentation occur?
Plant, bacteria, yeast
Compare the energy release between aerobic respiration and fermentation. Explain why there is a significant difference between the two.
Much more energy is released from aerobic respiration as glucose is completely broken down, whereas only partially broken down in anaerobic respiration.
Explain why you would expect muscle cells to contain more mitochondria than skin cells.
Muscle cells contract and relax regularly, which requires energy. Therefore, it would be more important for them to contain a high no. of mitochondria, which is the site of the latter stages of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy.
