Cellular Respiration Flashcards
___ is the process that breaks down complex carbon compounds into simpler molecules and simultaneously generates the ATP used to power other metabolic processes.
cellular respiration
What are the two (2) types of respiration?
- aerobic
- fermentation
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, what are their reactant/s?
anaerobic: glucose
aerobic: glucose and oxygen
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, what type is their combustion?
anaerobic: incomplete
aerobic: complete
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, what is their energy yield?
anaerobic: low (2 ATP)
aerobic: high (36-38 ATP)
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, what are their product/s?
anaerobic: lactic acid (animals), ethanol + CO2 (yeast)
aerobic: CO2 and H2O
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, where are they located?
anaerobic: cytoplasm
aerobic: cytoplasm and mitochondria
In anaerobic and aerobic respiration, respectively, what are their stage/s?
anaerobic: (1) glycolysis, (2) fermentation
aerobic: (1) glycolysis, (2) link reaction, (3) Krebs cycle, (4) electron transport chain
Is cellular respiration an anaerobic or aerobic process?
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process. It consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide (CO2).
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
to provide cells with the energy they need to function
What are the stages of cellular respiration? (3)
- glycolysis
- citric acid cycle
- oxidative phosphorylation
Where does each stage of cellular respiration occur?
- glycolysis - cytoplasm
- citric acid cycle - matrix of mitochondrion
- oxidative phosphorylation - inner membrane of cristae of the mitochondrion, electron transport, chemiosmosis
What happens during glycolysis?
ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation and NAD+ is reduced to NADH by electrons released from the oxidation of glucose.
How much is the net energy yield during glycolysis?
2 ATP + 2 NADH
Give a 4 step-by-step process of glycolysis.
- Glucose is broken down into (2) three carbon molecules.
- The (2) three-carbon molecules then donate high-energy electrons to (2) NAD+, forming (2) NADH.
- Glycolysis also “banks” (4) ATP molecules directly when enzymes transfer phosphate groups from fuel molecules to ADP.
- 2 ATP is then returned to the energy investment phase yielding 2 ATP. - At the end of glycolysis are two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Before the citric acid cycle begins pyruvate is split apart and combined with an enzyme known as CoA forming a two-carbon molecule called ____.
acetyl-CoA
Provide a summary of how acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate. (3)
- Each pyruvic acid loses CO2 forming (2) acetic acid.
- Acetic acid oxidizes while (2) NAD+ reduces resulting in the formation of (2) NADH.
- Each acetic acid is attached to coenzyme A (CoA) forming acetyl CoA.
The citric acid cycle is also referred to as ____ or _____.
tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle
The citric acid cycle was discovered by ____.
Hans Adolf Krebs
____ functions as a metabolic furnace that
oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate. It breaks down acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide.
citric acid cycle
The electron transport chain converts the chemical energy to a form used for ATP synthesis in the process called ____.
chemiosmosis
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in what stages? (2)
- electron transport
- chemiosmosis
What happens during electron transport? (4)
- The NADH and FADH2 release two electrons that enter an electron transport chain, a series of electron carrier molecules.
- As the electrons pass through the ETC, it creates a concentration gradient.
- Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC and is essential for electron transport.
- The oxygen binds with hydrogen ions forming water molecules.
What happens during chemiosmosis? (2)
- Due to the concentration gradient, the hydrogen diffuses through the inner membrane through an integral membrane protein called ATP synthase.
- This diffusion causes the formation of ATP.
How much is the net energy yield after glycolysis?
2 NADH
How much is the net energy yield in the Krebs cycle?
2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2
How much is the net energy yield in oxidative phosphorylation?
34 ATP + 2 NADH
