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Biology 12 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Photoautotrophs

A

organisms that create organic compounds from inorganic materials using light energy
Ex: photosynthesis (photo=light; autotrophs=make food)

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2
Q

What are Chemoautotrophs

A

organisms that create organic compounds required for life from simple inorganic materials (Fe and S containing compounds) without using light energy
Ex: Archaea

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3
Q

What are Heterotrophs

A

all other organisms that rely on autotrophs for energy
Ex. Humans; sharks

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4
Q

What are Obligate aerobes

A

require oxygen as final electron acceptor
Ex. Most animals, plants, protists, fungi, bacteria

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5
Q

What are Facultative anaerobes

A

can tolerate both conditions, with oxygen or without
Ex. E. Coli (dysentery), vibrio cholerae (cholera)

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6
Q

What are Obligate anaerobes

A

cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
Ex. Clostridium botulinum (food poisoning), Clostridium tetani (tetanus)

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7
Q

What are the four stages of Cellular Respiration

A

Glycosis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle), Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis

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8
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur

A

Mitochondrion

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10
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur

A

Matrix of mitochondria

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11
Q

Where does ETS and Chemiosmosis occur

A

Inner mmbrane of mitochondria

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12
Q

What happens in Glycolysis + What is produced (brief)

A

6-Carbon glucose is split, they release 4 ATP and 2NADH then form 2, 3-Carbon pyruvate

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13
Q

What happens in Pyruvate Oxidation + What is produced (brief)

A

Pyruvate is oxidized, CO2 is removed, produces acetyl-CoA

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14
Q

What happens in the Krebs Cycle + What is produced (brief)

A

Acetyl-CoA goes through a cycle of reactions, produces CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2 (coenzymes)

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15
Q

What happens in ETS and Chemiosmosis + What is produced (brief)

A

Coenzymes from previous reactions will pass electrons to oxygen to form H2O, produces ATP

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16
Q

What is PEP + What does it do

A

phosphoenolpyruvate + 3-carbon molecule transfers its phosphate group to ADP to yield ATP

17
Q

What is Substrate –Level Phosphorylation

A

ADP + Phosphate from substrate (PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate) -> ATP

18
Q

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Involves a series of enzyme catalyzed redox reactions, coenzymes, and O2. ADP + P -> ATP

19
Q

What is NAD + What does it do

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + oxidizes its substrate by removing two hydrogen atoms and carrying electrons to another site

20
Q

Stage 1 - Glycolysis
-Where it occurs
-What organisms use it
-4 Steps
-Reactants and products

A

-Cytoplasm
-All organisms, prokaryote and eukaryote
-Glucose activation, sugar splitting, oxidation, formation of ATP
-Glucose -> 4ATP 2NADH 2pyruvate

21
Q

Stage 2 - Pyruvate Oxidation
-Where it occurs
-What organisms use it
-3 Steps
-Reactants and products

A

-Matrix of mitochondria
-Those with oxygen present and mitochondria
-Decarboxylation, pyruvate oxidized and NAD reduced, acetlyCoA formed
-2pyruvate -> acetylCoA 0ATP

22
Q

Stage 3 - Krebs Cycle
-Where it occurs
-What organisms use it
-8 Steps
-Reactants and products

A

-Matrix of mitochondria
-Those who need energy, those who don’t transform it into fat
-OCIKSSFM
-AcetylCoA -> 2FADH2, 6NADH, 4CO2, 2ATP

23
Q

Stage 4 - ETC & Chemiosmosis
-Where it occurs
-Steps
-Reactants and products

A

-Inner membrane of mitochondria
-NADH from glycolysis is turned into FADH2 to cross the membrane, the coenzymes oxidize and the hydrogen protons are pumped out through protein complexes, electrons are sent to Q then to C and back in, the H+ enter the cytochrome oxidase comp. and become ATP
-NADH, FADH2 -> ATP

24
Q

Name 8 Steps of kerbs cycle

A

Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate
Alpha Ketoglutarate
SuccinylCoA
Succinate
Fumerate
Malate

25
Q

How many carbons per step of the Krebs cycle?

A

O - 4
C - 6
I - 6
K - 5
S - 4
S - 4
F - 4
M - 4

Biology 12 (8 decks)

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