Cellular Respiration

Question 1

what are the 2 types of respiration. 1 for plants only, 1 for animal and plants

Answer 1

• photosynthesis

- cellular respiration

Question 2

what does ATP stand for

Answer 2

• Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

why does a cell need ATP

Answer 3

they need energy for mechanical work and to make new materials for transport as well as to maintain order

Question 4

what is the equation of conversion of chemical energy

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 5

what is the structure of a Mitochondria organelle

Answer 5

• 1-10 micrometers long
• 1-1000’s per cell
• contains Mitochondrial DNA and Ribosomes
• has 2 membranes
• mitochondrial matrix inside the inner membrane
• inner membrane highly folded- cristae
• intermembrane space

Question 6

what are the 3 stages of chemical energy

Answer 6

• glycolysis
• pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
• Oxidation phosphorylation - electron transport train + Chemiosmosis

Question 7

where does the first stage (glycolysis) take place

Answer 7

• in the cytosol

Question 8

what happens in the glycolysis stage

Answer 8

• 1 glucose is converted into a smaller molecule = 2 pyruvate
• this needs 2 ATP
• it generates 2ATP, and electrons are transferred to high energy = energy carrier: NAD+ –> 2NADH
• process is anaerobic

Question 9

where does stage 2 (pyruvate oxidation and citric avid cycle) occur in

Answer 9

• in the mitochondria matrix

Question 10

what happens in stage 2 (pyruvate oxidation and citric cycle)

Answer 10

1) pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA (which needs oxygen)

2) Acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle
- output is energy carrier ATP and high energy electron carriers NADH and FADH2-

3) C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Question 11

where does stage 3 (phosphorylation) occur in.

also how many parts are there, name the parts

Answer 11

• inner membrane

- 2 parts: Electron transport chain, A proton gradient is generated, Chemiosmosis

Question 12

describe what happens in part 1: Electron Transport Chain

Answer 12

• Electron carries (NADH + FADH2-) shuttle high energy electrons to the inner membrane
• These electrons move through protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane
• As the electrons move, H+ protons are pumped across the membrane

Question 13

describe what happens in Part 1: A proton Gradient is Generated

Answer 13

• H+ protons accumulate in the intermembrane space, which results in the proton concentration gradient different on either side of the inner mitochondrial membrane
• the compartments of the mitochondria are essential for this to happen and is crucial for the next step

Question 14

where does part 2: Chemiosmosis occur

Answer 14

• mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 15

describe what happens in part 2: chemiosmosis

Answer 15

• the inner mitochondrial membrane contains the protein complex: ATP synthase
• this complex spans the membrane from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix
• the proton gradient across the inner membrane powers ATP synthesis
• ATP synthase converts: ADP + Pi –> ATP