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Biology 121 - Exam 2 > Cellular respiration > Flashcards

Cellular respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Humans do cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A

False. Plants do both

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2
Q

What are the four steps in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolisis (cytoplasm), Pyruvate oxidation (mitochondrial matrix), Krebs cycle (mitochondrila matrix), Oxidative Phosphorilation (inner mitochondrial membrane)

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3
Q

How many types of cellular respiration are there?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration (uses oxygen) and anaerobic cellular respiration (doesn’t use oxygen), also called fermentation

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4
Q

What is the main role of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

To generate ATP from glucose and oxygen

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5
Q

Glycolisis only occurs with oxygen

A

False

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6
Q

What are the products of glycolisis?

A

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

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7
Q

What are the reactants of glycolisis?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

In the second step of the aerobic cellular respiration, whos is being oxidized and who is being reduced?

A

Pyruvate is being oxidized, while NAD is being reduced.

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9
Q

Where is the first molecule of CO2 produced during glycolisis?

A

Pyruvate oxidation

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10
Q

What enzyme attaches itself to the oxidized pyruvate and what is its function?

A

Coenzyme A attached itself to the molecule and targets it for use in the Krebs cycle.

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11
Q

What are the reactants of Pyruvate oxidation?

A

2 pyruvates

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12
Q

What are the products of Pyruvate oxidation?

A

2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 AcetylCoA

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13
Q

What are the 3 different parts of Krebs cycle?

A

Initiation, Oxidation, Regeneration

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14
Q

What is the initiation molecule for the Krebs Cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate

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15
Q

Which molecules are reduced during the regeneration phase?

A

NAD and FAD

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16
Q

What are the reactants of Krebs cycle?

A

2 Acetyls

17
Q

What are the products of Krebs cycle?

A

4 CO2, 6NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP

18
Q

What are the structures responsible for transporting the electron provided by NADH?

A

Complex I, Complex III, and Complex IV.

19
Q

What molecule is the final electron acceptor during Oxidative Phosphorilation?

A

Oxygen

20
Q

How many molecules of ATP are created from one piece of glucose?

A

38

21
Q

What is the direction of proton movement during oxidative phosphorillation?

A

Across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space, and then again from the intermembrane space into the matrix through ATP synthase, leading to generation of ATP

22
Q

What are the reactants seen in Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

NADH, FADH, Oxygen

23
Q

What is the product of Oxidative phosphorylation?

A

ATP (most of the ATP produced during glycolisis)

24
Q

What happens if oxygen becomes depleted during Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

NADH and FADH build up, depletion of NAD and FAD

25
Q

Explain the lactic acid fermentation cycle

A

Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, creating NAD

26
Q

Explain the ethanol fermentation cycle

A

Pyruvate is oxidized into acetaldehyde, which is then reduced into ethanol

27
Q

What are the two processes of cellular respiration that can happen in an anaerobic environment?

A

Lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation

28
Q

Which one of the following statements BEST represents the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis stores energy in carbohydrates, while respiration releases it

29
Q

During the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, the release of CO2 is the result of __________ reactions that are coupled to the ___________ of _____________

A

Oxidation; reduction; NAD+

30
Q

When you exhale, there is more CO2 than was present in the air that you inhaled. This CO2 comes from reactions in:

A

Pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle

31
Q

In the absence of oxygen, lactic acid fermentation:

A

Regenerates NAD from the reduction of pyruvate

32
Q

Where do aerobic and anaerobic respiration take place?

A

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm

33
Q

What is the production ATP of NADH and FADH?

A

1:3 and 1:2

Biology 121 - Exam 2 (4 decks)

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