Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

life sciences gr 11 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

cellular respiration is the process during which glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of atp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the requirements for cellular respiration

A

glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the by-products of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide,water and energy in the form of atp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chemical equation for the process of cellular respiration

A

glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water+atp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the uses of 6 energy

A
  1. growth
  2. movement
  3. cell division
  4. maintaining body temperature
  5. digestion
  6. active transport against the concentration gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Energy as ATP

A
  • Atp is an energy compound

- ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Law of conservation of energy say

A

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but converted from one form to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the first stage of cellular respiration take place

A

in the cytosol outside of the mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the second and third stage of cellular respiration occur

A

inside the mitochondrion with the third stage being on the cristae of the mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 types of cellular respiration and explain them

A
  1. Aerobic respiration- It requires oxygen

2. Anaerobic respiration- does not require oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The 3 stages in which anaerobic respiration occurs in

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in glycolysis

A
  • first stage of aerobic respiration
  • occurs in the cytosol
  • anaerobic phase of aerobic respiration
  • glucose is broken down to form moles of pyruvic acid with 3 C-atoms each
  • energy rich H-atom + small energy release and stored in atp
  • co-enzymes carry the H-atoms to the third phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens in the kreb’s cycle

A
  • aerobic phase
  • pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion
  • a series of cyclic reactions occur releasing energy rich h-atoms and CO2
  • co- enzymes act as h-carrier and carry it to the third phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens during the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage

A
  • occurs in the cristae
  • aerobic phase
  • energy rich h- atoms from the first and second stage are transfered using the H-transfer system of co-enzymes while releasing energy
  • this energy binds a phosphate to a ADP to form ATP
  • ATP=energy carries in the cell
  • oxygen is the final h-acceptor resulting in 1 0-atom binding with 2 h- atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is the mitochondrion adapted to suit its function for cellular respiration

A
  1. Smooth outer membrane to enable movement around the organel
  2. permeable outer membrane to allow oxygen and pyruvic acid to enter the mitochondrion
  3. inner membrane folded to for the cristae
  4. DNA and ribosome are present for the manufacturing of enzymes that are required for manufacturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the other name for anaerobic respiration

A

fermentation

17
Q

glucose in not completely broken own during CR. what are the intermediate substance formed during this process

A

alcohol or lactic acid

18
Q

Explain the process of the lactic acid fermentation (muscle stiffness during exericise)

A
  • during heavy exercises, muscles do not receive enough oxygen forcing the cells respire anaerobically
  • glycolysis occurs, breaking glucose into pyruvic acid releasing small amount of energy
  • the pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid , which s released into the muscle cells
  • this process is called lactic acid fermentation
  • lactic acid=toxic=muscle stiffness and pain
  • oxygen is needed to convert lactic acid back to pryruvic acid
19
Q

how to get rid of muscle stiffness

A

moderate exercise with deep breathing

20
Q

explain the process of alcohol/ethanol fermentation

A

Duing anaerobic respiration in plants:

  • glucose is broken down to form pyruvic acid releasing a small amount of energy
  • Carbon dioxide is released when pyruvic acid is broken down further , forming ethanol/ alcohol
21
Q

define biotechnology

A

biotechnology refers to the process during which biological processes are used for production

22
Q

explain how yeast is used in the making of wine

A
  1. Grapes are crushed
  2. the crushed grapes and their juices are paced in a fermentation vat
  3. then yeast is added to the vat
  4. fermentation now occurs at a controlled temperature
  5. alcohol and carbon dioxide are released during the fermentation process
  6. this results in the formation of wine
23
Q

explain how yeast is used the making of bread

A

bread is dependent on the fermentation process

  1. yeast is added to the flour -
  2. water is added to make a dough
  3. the starch in the bread is broken down into maltose when water is added
  4. as the yeast undergoes the respiration, it beaks down the sugar to release energy
  5. together with energy, it releases carbon dioxide and alcohol
  6. the alcohol is burnt off during baking
  7. carbon dioxide causes the bread to rise
  8. when the bread is baked the high temperature kills the yeast
24
Q

the type of bacteria used in the making of dairy product

A

lactic acid bacteria

25
Q

explain how cheese is made

A
  1. lactic acid bacteria is added to the milk
  2. the bacteria undergoes anaerobic respiration to release lactic acid
  3. a protease enzyme called rennin is added to the milk
  4. Rennin causes the mil to coagulate
  5. the liquid part is called whey and the solid part curd
  6. the curd is compressed into blocks
  7. they are then placed on shelves to ripen
  8. the ripen process occurs as a results of action by other micro-organisms
  9. the longer the cheese is left to ripen, the sharper the taste
  10. the flavour or texture of the cheese is dependent on the strains of bacteria used in their production
26
Q

the protease enzyme added to milk is

A

Rennin

27
Q

why is rennin added to milk during fermentation

A

it causes the milk to coagulate

28
Q

the similarities between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration

A
  1. glucose is a requirement
  2. in plants, both respiration’s releases carbon dioxide and alcohol as by-products
  3. the main product is energy in the form of atp
29
Q

differences between aerobic and anerobic respiration

A

anerobic respiation:

  1. dependent on oxygen
  2. realease more energy with a net gain of 36 atps
  3. by-products are carbon dioxide and water

anerobic respiration:

  1. independent on oxygen
  2. releaes less energy with a net gain of 2 atp
  3. by-products are carbon dioxide and ethanol

life sciences gr 11 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions