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Nursing 3 Test 1 > Cellular Regulation: Class 1 > Flashcards

Cellular Regulation: Class 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

3 Major components of the Cell

A
  1. Cell Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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1
Q

Cellular Attributes

A

Ability to:

  1. Exchange material w/ their environment
  2. Obtain energy from organic nutrients
  3. Manufacture complex molecules
  4. Replicate themselves
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2
Q

Cell Membranes

-Characteristics

A
  1. Semi-permeable
  2. Contains receptors
  3. Involved in electrical conduction
  4. Regulates cell growth and proliferation
  5. Lipid bi-layer
  6. Proteins
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3
Q

Cell Membranes

-Proteins

A
  1. Proteins determine the function of the membrane
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4
Q

Cellular Transportation

-Passive Transport

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Osmosis
  4. Filtration
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5
Q

Cellular Transportation

-Active Transport

A
  1. Active transport pumps
  2. Endocytosis
    - Phagocytosis = cell eating
    - Pinocytosis = cell drinking
  3. Exocytosis
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6
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of molecules

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive movement of Water

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8
Q

Human Genome

A

All of the DNA in the Cells and mitochondria

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9
Q

Cells Containing DNA TEST

A

All Cells contain DNA Except for Mature RBC’s

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10
Q

Anaplasia

A

Cell loss of ability to differentiate and it is irreversible

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11
Q

Hormonal Hyperplasia

A
  1. Pregnancy

- Uterus expands

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12
Q

Metaplasia

A
  1. Pathological
  2. Normal cells are replaced by abnormal cells
    - Outside influence is affecting the cells
  3. Less functional cells are created
  4. Cells are found in abnormal locations
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13
Q

Dysplasia

A
  1. Mutation has occurred
  2. Abnormal shape and size
  3. Can be found on Cervix - HPV
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14
Q

Patient Hx

-Subjective Data

A
  1. Medications
  2. Family Hx
  3. Smoking / drinking
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15
Q

Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-General

A
  1. Lethargy
  2. Apathy
  3. Fever
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16
Q

Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Integumentary

A
  1. Pale Skin
  2. Abnormal Growth
  3. Skin Turger
  4. Nails - brittle nails
  5. Thinning of hair
  6. Mucous Membranes
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17
Q

Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Respiratory

A
  1. Tachypnea

2. SOB

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18
Q

Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Cardiovascular

A
  1. Capillary Refill
  2. Heart Murmurs (w/ anemia)
    - Systolic Ejection Murmurs
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19
Q 
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data 
-Gastrointestinal
A
  1. Anorexia (in cancer)

2. Tongue - Beefy Red Tongue (w/ Anemia

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20
Q

Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Neurological

A
  1. CONFUSION **TEST
    - 1st sign that pt is not getting adequate perfusion
  2. Paralysis / Paresthesia
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21
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘C’

A
  1. Change in bowel or bladder habits
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22
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘A’

A
  1. A sore that does not heal
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23
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘U’

A
  1. Unusual bleeding/discharge from any orifice
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24
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘T’

A
  1. Thickening or lump in the breast/elsewhere
25
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘I’

A
  1. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
26
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘O’

A
  1. Obvious change in a wart or mole
27
Q

CAUTION Acronym

-‘N’

A
  1. Nagging cough or hoarseness
28
Q

Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors

-Genetics

A
  1. Fam hx of Cancer
  2. Fam hx of Bleeding disorders
    - Cycle cell anemia
    - phalycemias
29
Q

Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors

-Chronic Illnesses

A
  1. Inflammatory illness
  2. Diabetes
    3.
30
Q

Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors

-Activity

A
  1. Lack of activity can cause weight gain which increases the amount of cells increasing the risk for mutations
31
Q

Cellular Regulation Considerations

-Cultural Background

A
  1. What does the pt see as culturally acceptable

2. If pt does not think that marijuana is a street drug is due to cultural background

32
Q

Cellular Regulation Considerations

-Gender

A
  1. Menstral hx
33
Q

Cellular Regulation Considerations

-Sexuality

A
  1. HPV and other types of inflammation can cause increased risk
34
Q 
Gerontologic Considerations (Cellular Regulations)
-Common in older adults
A
  1. Chronic Dz
  2. Nutritional Deficiencies
    - Changes in food and taste can make food less appealing
35
Q

S/S that may Go Unrecognized as Normal Aging changes

A
  1. CONFUSION
  2. Pallor
  3. Ataxia
  4. Fatigue
  5. Worsening Angina
  6. HF
36
Q

PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation

-Activity

A
  1. It is important to get regular exercise most days of the week
  2. Build up to 30 minutes of exercise slowly
37
Q

PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation

-Risk for injury

A
  1. W/ bleeding disorders, Pt’s are at risk for increased bleeding

Some Bleeding disorders;
-Children should not play any contact sports

38
Q

PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation

-Safety

A
  1. Medication Safety - In older adults
    - Make sure pt’s know what they are taking and that they are taking the right dose. Make sure pt’s know both generic and trade names of meds
39
Q

PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation

-Balance of Rest and sleep activity

A
  1. Sleep is important to the body to allow regeneration and repair of the body
40
Q

CAUTION

A
  1. Change in bowel patterns
  2. A sore that doesn’t heal
  3. Unusual bleeding/discharge
  4. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
  5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
  6. Obvious change in wart or mole
  7. Nagging cough or hoarseness
41
Q

PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation

-Skin Care

A
  1. Wear sun screen & Hats
42
Q

Diagnostic Tests

-Biopsy

A
  1. ## Take tissue sample and look at cellular level under microscope
43
Q

Diagnostic Tests

-Bone Marrow Aspiration

A
  1. Bone Marrow Aspiration is taken from the HIP
    - Tissue sample can show how Stem cells, RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets are doing

Look at Pg 489

44
Q

Diagnostic Tests

-CT, CAT, MRI, PET

A

Nurses Role

  1. Assess Renal function because of Contrast Dye.
  2. Look at BUN and Creatinine (normal is <1.5) before procedure
  3. Assess any allergy to IODINE or SHELLFISH TEST
  4. Stop certain medication like metformin
  5. Imaging studies show condition of soft tissue
45
Q

Diagnostic Tests

  • CT, CAT, MRI, PET
  • -Post procedure
A

Promote fluid intake to wash out contrast dye

46
Q

Diagnostic Tests

-Body Fluid study

A
  1. Urinalysis
  2. Lumbar puncture
  3. Removal of fluid from the lungs or the abdomen
47
Q

RBC’s

-Biconcave Disk

A
  1. Biconcave disk increases the surface area allowing for more diffusion of Oxygen
48
Q

RBC’s

-Reticulocyte

A
  1. Immature Red Blood Cell

2. Early warning sign of a pt with anemia

49
Q

Normal Hgb Level

A
  1. Female - 12-16

2. Male - 14-18

50
Q

Normal Hct Level

A
  1. If there is no way to check Hct levels you can use the Hgb level and multiply it by X3

Male 40-54%
Female 38-47%

51
Q

MCV

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume
1. MCV tells the size of the cell

Microcytic anemia - small cell anemia -

52
Q

MCH

A
  1. Mean Corpuscular Hgb
    - Shows the appearance of the cell
    - Does the cell look normal or pale

Hypo-Chromic -

53
Q

Erythropoietin

A
  1. Hormone made in the kidney that helps with the creation of RBC’s
54
Q

Life of RBC

A

120 days

55
Q

Byproduct of Lysed RBC

A

Bilirubin

56
Q

Renal Failure and Erythropoietin

A

Pt’s with renal failure may have anemia due to lack of ability to create Erythropoeitin which is created in the kidneys

57
Q

Cellular Regulation

-Short Term Goals

A
  1. Maintain adequate nutrition
  2. Decrease side effects of treatment
  3. Develop no complications related to anemia
58
Q

Cellular Regulation

-Long Term Goals

A
  1. Remission of Cancer
  2. Support quality of life
  3. Remain Infection Free
    - HAND HYGIENE
    - VACCINES
  4. Improve Hgb levels
59
Q

Qsen Competencies

A
  1. Pt centered Care
  2. Teamwork and Collaboration
  3. Quality Improvement
  4. Informatics
  5. Safety
  6. Evidence-based practice
60
Q

Intra-Cellular Fluid Compartment

A
  1. Accounts for 3/4 of total body fluid
61
Q

Extra-Cellular Fluid Compartment

A
  1. Constitutes about 1/4 of the total body fluid

Nursing 3 Test 1 (5 decks)

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