CELLULAR ORGANELLES Flashcards by Rhea Credo

structure in cells that performs specific functions

Cellular Organelles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Major Parts of Cells

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus (DNA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

controls what molecules are allowed in and out of the cell

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the component of Cell Membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer (made up of diff nutrients, enzymes, proteins)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 Parts of Phospholipid Bilayer

Phosphate head and Lipid Tail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phosphate Head

Polar; hydrophilic head (water-loving)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lipid Tail

non-polar; hydrophobic tail (water fearing); helps in the in and out the transfer of materials

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

transport ions in and out of the cell

Protein Complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

other major part of the also known as cytosolJelly like matrix which house all the structural organelles of the cell - composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, and gases

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hyaloplasm

the fluid part which does not occupy any structural organelles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

houses of the following groups of organelles according to function

a. Cell Manufacturer, b. Energy Processing, c. Breakdown of Materials, d. Support and Movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“build protein”

- responsible for protein synthesis and is present in all types of cells - smallest organelles in all cells

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A type of ribosome which found in cytoplasm

free

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a type of ribosome found in the endoplasmic reticulum

attached/bound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 Major Parts of Ribosome

Large subunit and Small subunit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is the copy of genetic information from DNA

RNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

large folded membrane system with attached ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Large, folded membrane system without ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Differentiate RER AND SER

reduction of protein

lipid synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

packaging center of the cells
receives product from the endoplasmic reticulum and adds a final modification
it also sorts these products and sends them to their final destination

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CIS-FACE

(ENTRANCE) -attached to the Golgi Apparatus and will wait to mature the product and move it to the exit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TRANS-FACE

(EXIT) matured macromolecule

-detached; Golgi vesicle intracellular transport; secretory vesicle; exocytosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is an organelle in Energy Processing
a powerhouse of the cell
-both plants and animals

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

converts ______ into _______

converts glucose into ATP-Adenosine triphosphate (energy molecule)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

folded inner partitions inside the mitochondrion

Cristae

(breaking down of glucose to extract ATP molecule)

Cellular Respiration

- only presents in the plant cells (plastids)

Chloroplast

Use the energy from the _____ to form ______ from ______ and ______ PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Use the energy from the sunlight to form glucose molecules from C02 and H2O Thylakoid and Stroma

An organelle functions in breakdown of materials | also called as Suicide bag/ defender of the cell

Lysosome

It has a digestive enzyme which

highly acidic

food molecules or bacteria that can enter the cell

Phagocites

Vesicle formed from ER containing oxidative and other enzymes - Aids in detoxification - Engulfing free radicals to detoxify the cell

Peroxisome

Storage of food, water, waste, etc. | A membrane-enclosed sack that can be filled with anything

Vacuole

Organelle use to maintain turgor pressure in plants

Vacuole

fluid in the vacuole

CELL SAP

membrane of vacuole

TONOPLAST

tiny vacuole

FOOD VACUOLE

has paramecium, pumps out excess water from the cell

CONTRACTILE VACUOLE

It is an organelle in Support & Movement -provides structural support; movement of materials; in some species movement of whole cells

Cytoskeleton

(biggest) hollow structure formed protein subunits;

Microtubules

Groups of centrioles

Centrosome

add structural integrity inside eukaryotic cells, smaller than microtubules larger than microfilaments

Intermediate Filaments

small fibril formed from protein subunits | - aids in the structure of animal cells

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

cytoplasmic projection found in animal cells responsible for movement

Cilia

same with cilia but has longer whip-like structures

Flagella

special extensions in bacterial cells made for conjugation For attachment and conjugation where donor bacterium and acceptor bacterium. Donor bacterium donates genetic information to acceptor bacterium

Pili

Some species of bacteria have this protective third covering

Capsule

composition of capsule

Polysaccharides

(engulfing of larger cell to small cell) and larger microorganisms

Phagocytosis

functions as surrounds, supports, and protects the cell from the environment. additional protection from the environment

Cell Wall

composition of CELL WALL

Peptidoglycan

What is the name of Cell Wall of Plant Cell

Cellulose

also known as the Selective barrier | Regulates the flow of material in and out of the cell

Cell Membrane

composition of cell membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer

Portion of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located, contains the genes that controls the cell.

Hyaloplasm

they translate the genetic code from the molecular language of nuclei acids to amino acids

Ribosomes

Building blocks of proteins

Amino Acids

(protein synthesis) Smallest organelle of the cell.

Ribosomes

smaller circular auxiliary DNA strands found in the cytoplasm.

Plasmid

These are cytoplasmic projections | These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and surfaces such as teeth, intestines, and rocks

Pili Singular: Pilus

They are the hairlike structure that provides locomotion

Flagella SIngular: Flagellum

movement of flagella

propeller-like motion

(10-30 micrometers

Size: Animal Cell

10-100 up micrometers

Size: Plant Cell

Round and irregular

Shape: Animal

Rectangular cube

Shape: Plant

Cannot produce their own food (heterotrophs)

Nutrition: Animal

Can produce its own food by photosynthesis (autotrophs)

Nutrition: Plant

Glycogen

Storage of Energy: Animal

Starch, glucose is converted into cellulose

Storage of Energy: Plant

10 amino acids

Protein: Animal

Synthesize all 20 amino acids

Protein: Plant

Stem cells can be converted to other types of cells | stem cell — foundation of all cells

Differentiation: Animal

Capable of differentiation (form cell, stem, leaves, branches)

Differentiation: Plant

Increase in number = increase in size | sperm cell + egg cell = zygote = fetus = baby = adult

Growth: Animal

More water in the vacuole = growing | Central Vacuole

Growth: Plant

Most animals can exhibit movement

Locomotion: Animal

Do not exhibit movement Tropism

Locomotion: Plant

Absent

Cell Wall: Animal

Present (cellulose)

Cell Wall: Plant

Present. Movement; a cytoplasmic projection - amoeba - women

Cilia: Animal

absent

Cilia: Plant

Small (none at times). Food vacuoles

Vacuole: Animal

Present (Large Central Vacuole)

Vacuole: Plant

Absent. Proteins (melanin) that gives color

Plastids: Animal

Present. Provide color

Plastids: Plant

dull yellow red and orange

Carotenoid

bright yellow and brown

Xanthophyll

- portion of cell division where cells are starting to divide

Cytokinesis

Cleavage furrow

Cytokinesis: Animal

Cell plate

Cytokinesis: Plant

Defends the cell from foreign materials Has an acidic digestive enzyme

Lysosomes: Animal

Rarely contains

Lysosomes: Plant

Single highly elaborate

Golgi Bodies: Animal

Have many simpler units called dictyosomes

Golgi Bodies: Plant

Present. For cell division

Centrioles: Animal

Absent

Centrioles: Plant

control center of the cell

Nucleus

the structure of nucleus was surrounded by

double membrane that contains chromosome

nucleus directs what

protein synthesis (mRNA)

what is the function of nucleus

houses organelles

found inside the nucleus

nucleolus

the nucleolus is the site of what

site of rRNA synthesis

what is the function of the nucleolus

assembles ribosomes

the outer lining/wall of the nucleus

nuclear membrane / envelope

the nuclear membrane is what

lipid bilayer

opening in the nuclear membrane allows contact in the cytoplasm

nuclear pore

long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein

chromosome

substance in a chromosome (DNA + Histone)

chromatin

ORGANELLES PECULIAR TO PLANTS | Provide and maintain the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier

Cell Wall

are structure which generally hold pigments

Plastids

colored plastid | hold pigments

Chromoplast

colorless plastids; serves as food storehouses

Leucoplast

starch keeping leucoplast

amyloplast

fat keeping leucoplast

elioplast

protein keeping leucoplast

propioplast

a chlorophyll-bearing plastids

Chloroplast

where the light-dependent reaction takes place

thylakoid

stacks of thylakoid

grana

where the light-independent reaction takes place

stroma