Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1 > CELLULAR ORGANELLES > Flashcards

CELLULAR ORGANELLES Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

structure in cells that performs specific functions

A

Cellular Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Major Parts of Cells

A

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

controls what molecules are allowed in and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the component of Cell Membrane

A

Phospholipid Bilayer (made up of diff nutrients, enzymes, proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 Parts of Phospholipid Bilayer

A

Phosphate head and Lipid Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phosphate Head

A

Polar; hydrophilic head (water-loving)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lipid Tail

A

non-polar; hydrophobic tail (water fearing); helps in the in and out the transfer of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transport ions in and out of the cell

A

Protein Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

other major part of the also known as cytosolJelly like matrix which house all the structural organelles of the cell - composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, and gases

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyaloplasm

A

the fluid part which does not occupy any structural organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

houses of the following groups of organelles according to function

A

a. Cell Manufacturer, b. Energy Processing, c. Breakdown of Materials, d. Support and Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“build protein”

- responsible for protein synthesis and is present in all types of cells - smallest organelles in all cells

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A type of ribosome which found in cytoplasm

A

free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a type of ribosome found in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

attached/bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 Major Parts of Ribosome

A

Large subunit and Small subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

it is the copy of genetic information from DNA

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

large folded membrane system with attached ribosomes

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Large, folded membrane system without ribosomes

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differentiate RER AND SER

A

reduction of protein

lipid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • packaging center of the cells
  • receives product from the endoplasmic reticulum and adds a final modification
  • it also sorts these products and sends them to their final destination
A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CIS-FACE

A

(ENTRANCE) -attached to the Golgi Apparatus and will wait to mature the product and move it to the exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRANS-FACE

A

(EXIT) matured macromolecule

-detached; Golgi vesicle intracellular transport; secretory vesicle; exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It is an organelle in Energy Processing
a powerhouse of the cell
-both plants and animals

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

converts ______ into _______

A

converts glucose into ATP-Adenosine triphosphate (energy molecule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

folded inner partitions inside the mitochondrion

A

Cristae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

(breaking down of glucose to extract ATP molecule)

A

Cellular Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • only presents in the plant cells (plastids)
A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Use the energy from the _____ to form ______ from
______ and ______
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

Use the energy from the sunlight to form glucose molecules from
C02 and H2O
Thylakoid and Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An organelle functions in breakdown of materials

also called as Suicide bag/ defender of the cell

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It has a digestive enzyme which

A

highly acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

food molecules or bacteria that can enter the cell

A

Phagocites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Vesicle formed from ER containing oxidative and other enzymes

  • Aids in detoxification
  • Engulfing free radicals to detoxify the cell
A

Peroxisome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Storage of food, water, waste, etc.

A membrane-enclosed sack that can be filled with anything

A

Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Organelle use to maintain turgor pressure in plants

A

Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

fluid in the vacuole

A

CELL SAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

membrane of vacuole

A

TONOPLAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

tiny vacuole

A

FOOD VACUOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

has paramecium, pumps out excess water from the cell

A

CONTRACTILE VACUOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

It is an organelle in Support & Movement -provides structural support; movement of materials; in some species movement of whole cells

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

(biggest) hollow structure formed protein subunits;

A

Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Groups of centrioles

A

Centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

add structural integrity inside eukaryotic cells, smaller than microtubules larger than microfilaments

A

Intermediate Filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

small fibril formed from protein subunits

- aids in the structure of animal cells

A

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cytoplasmic projection found in animal cells responsible for movement

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

same with cilia but has longer whip-like structures

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

special extensions in bacterial cells made for conjugation
For attachment and conjugation where donor bacterium and acceptor bacterium. Donor bacterium donates genetic information to acceptor bacterium

A

Pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Some species of bacteria have this protective third covering

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

composition of capsule

A

Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

(engulfing of larger cell to small cell) and larger microorganisms

A

Phagocytosis

50
Q

functions as surrounds, supports, and protects the cell from the environment. additional protection from the environment

A

Cell Wall

51
Q

composition of CELL WALL

A

Peptidoglycan

52
Q

What is the name of Cell Wall of Plant Cell

A

Cellulose

53
Q

also known as the Selective barrier

Regulates the flow of material in and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

54
Q

composition of cell membrane

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

55
Q

Portion of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located, contains the genes that controls the cell.

A

Hyaloplasm

56
Q

they translate the genetic code from the molecular language of nuclei acids to amino acids

A

Ribosomes

57
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Amino Acids

58
Q

(protein synthesis) Smallest organelle of the cell.

A

Ribosomes

59
Q

smaller circular auxiliary DNA strands found in the cytoplasm.

A

Plasmid

60
Q

These are cytoplasmic projections

These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and surfaces such as teeth, intestines, and rocks

A

Pili Singular: Pilus

61
Q

They are the hairlike structure that provides locomotion

A

Flagella SIngular: Flagellum

62
Q

movement of flagella

A

propeller-like motion

63
Q

(10-30 micrometers

A

Size: Animal Cell

64
Q

10-100 up micrometers

A

Size: Plant Cell

65
Q

Round and irregular

A

Shape: Animal

66
Q

Rectangular cube

A

Shape: Plant

67
Q

Cannot produce their own food (heterotrophs)

A

Nutrition: Animal

68
Q

Can produce its own food by photosynthesis (autotrophs)

A

Nutrition: Plant

69
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage of Energy: Animal

70
Q

Starch, glucose is converted into cellulose

A

Storage of Energy: Plant

71
Q

10 amino acids

A

Protein: Animal

72
Q

Synthesize all 20 amino acids

A

Protein: Plant

73
Q

Stem cells can be converted to other types of cells

stem cell — foundation of all cells

A

Differentiation: Animal

74
Q

Capable of differentiation (form cell, stem, leaves, branches)

A

Differentiation: Plant

75
Q

Increase in number = increase in size

sperm cell + egg cell = zygote = fetus = baby = adult

A

Growth: Animal

76
Q

More water in the vacuole = growing

Central Vacuole

A

Growth: Plant

77
Q

Most animals can exhibit movement

A

Locomotion: Animal

78
Q

Do not exhibit movement Tropism

A

Locomotion: Plant

79
Q

Absent

A

Cell Wall: Animal

80
Q

Present (cellulose)

A

Cell Wall: Plant

81
Q

Present. Movement; a cytoplasmic projection

  • amoeba
  • women
A

Cilia: Animal

82
Q

absent

A

Cilia: Plant

83
Q

Small (none at times). Food vacuoles

A

Vacuole: Animal

84
Q

Present (Large Central Vacuole)

A

Vacuole: Plant

85
Q

Absent. Proteins (melanin) that gives color

A

Plastids: Animal

86
Q

Present. Provide color

A

Plastids: Plant

87
Q

dull yellow red and orange

A

Carotenoid

88
Q

bright yellow and brown

A

Xanthophyll

89
Q
  • portion of cell division where cells are starting to divide
A

Cytokinesis

90
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

Cytokinesis: Animal

91
Q

Cell plate

A

Cytokinesis: Plant

92
Q

Defends the cell from foreign materials Has an acidic digestive enzyme

A

Lysosomes: Animal

93
Q

Rarely contains

A

Lysosomes: Plant

94
Q

Single highly elaborate

A

Golgi Bodies: Animal

95
Q

Have many simpler units called dictyosomes

A

Golgi Bodies: Plant

96
Q

Present. For cell division

A

Centrioles: Animal

97
Q

Absent

A

Centrioles: Plant

98
Q

control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

99
Q

the structure of nucleus was surrounded by

A

double membrane that contains chromosome

100
Q

nucleus directs what

A

protein synthesis (mRNA)

101
Q

what is the function of nucleus

A

houses organelles

102
Q

found inside the nucleus

A

nucleolus

103
Q

the nucleolus is the site of what

A

site of rRNA synthesis

104
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

assembles ribosomes

105
Q

the outer lining/wall of the nucleus

A

nuclear membrane / envelope

106
Q

the nuclear membrane is what

A

lipid bilayer

107
Q

opening in the nuclear membrane allows contact in the cytoplasm

A

nuclear pore

108
Q

long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein

A

chromosome

109
Q

substance in a chromosome (DNA + Histone)

A

chromatin

110
Q

ORGANELLES PECULIAR TO PLANTS

Provide and maintain the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier

A

Cell Wall

111
Q

are structure which generally hold pigments

A

Plastids

112
Q

colored plastid

hold pigments

A

Chromoplast

113
Q

colorless plastids; serves as food storehouses

A

Leucoplast

114
Q

starch keeping leucoplast

A

amyloplast

115
Q

fat keeping leucoplast

A

elioplast

116
Q

protein keeping leucoplast

A

propioplast

117
Q

a chlorophyll-bearing plastids

A

Chloroplast

118
Q

where the light-dependent reaction takes place

A

thylakoid

119
Q

stacks of thylakoid

A

grana

120
Q

where the light-independent reaction takes place

A

stroma

Biology 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions