Cellular Metabolism and Enzymes Flashcards
necessary components in the human diet
vitamins
Gibbs free-energy change is of a react is determined by – properties of the reactants and products
intrinsic
Gibbs free-energy change is of a react is determined by – and –of the reactants and products
concentrations and temperature
Gibbs free-energy change of ATP to ADP and Pi is
-7.3 kcal/mole
the active site of an enzyme is where – is bound
prosthetic group
the active site of an enzyme is where – occurs for zymogens
proteolysis
prosthetic group is a tightly bound chemical compound that is required for the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it is often involved at the –
active site
– are inactive enzyme precursors that require biochemical change to become an active enzyme; this change is usually a proteolysis reaction that reveals the active site
zymogens
hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate allows glucose-6-phosphate to be synthesized from glucose and phosphate because enzymatic – of these two reactions allows the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate
coupling
T/F: protein function can be altered by modification after synthesis
true
alcoholic fermentation and aerobic oxidation of pyruvate both have – as a product
CO2
glucose and fructose have different – properties even with the same molecular formula
chemical
ATP = nucleotide = adenosine + - + three phosphate groups
ribose
alpha helix is – or spiral conformation
right-handed coiled
in an alpha helix, every backbone amino group donates a – to form a hydrogen bond with one of the lone pairs of electrons from the backbone carbonyl group of another amino acid four residues earlier
partial positive hydrogen
In cellular respiration, – is the final electron acceptor
O2
electrons are passed from – during the final stage of the ETC
cytochrome carriers
glycolysis occurs in
cytoplasm
Krebs cycle occurs in
mitochondrial matrix
ETC occurs in
mitochondrial inter membrane space
in prokaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in
cytoplasm
Km is the concentration of substrate at –
half the max reaction velocity
Km – when the antibody binds to the substrate
increases
when only the amount of available substrate changes, Vmax –
doesn’t change
binding to substrate has no affect on Vmax but affects – because the amount of available substrate is reduced, which alters the reaction kinetics because it binds to substrate
Km
the purpose of fermentation is to regenerate the high-energy nucleotide intermediate of –
NAD+
Acid hydrolysis partial destruction of – prevents the proper estimate of the – concentration
tryptophan
Acid hydrolysis conversion of asparagine into – prevents the direct measure of asparagine
aspartic acid
Acid hydrolysis conversion of – to glutamic acid
glutamine
glucose –> – –> fats –> proteins
other carbohydrates
T/F: there is no protein storage in the body
true
catabolism of protein results in – and connective tissue breakdown which is harmful in the long term
muscle wasting
