Cellular level of organization Flashcards
This is the outer coat of a cell formed by the carbohydrate portions of glycolipids and glycoproteins
Glycocalyx
This membrane protein forms a pore through which a specific ion can flow to get across membrane; name the classification
Ion channel (Integral)
This membrane protein transports a specific substance across membrane by undergoing a change in shape; name the classification
Carrier (Integral)
This membrane protein recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way; name the classification
Receptor (Integral)
This membrane protein Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell (depending on which direction the active site faces); name the classification
Enzyme (Integral and Peripheral)
This membrane protein Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell
Linker (Integral and Peripheral)
This membrane protein Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s
Cell identity markers (glycoproteins and glycolipids; Integral and Peripheral)
A difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane
Concentration gradient
These molecules and atoms are more concentrated outside of the cell
Oxygen and Sodium ions
These molecules and atoms are more concentrated inside of the cell
Carbon dioxide and Potassium ions
The charge difference across a plasma membrane
Membrane potential
The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient on movement of a particular ion is referred to as
Electrochemical gradient
A transport process where a substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its own kinetic energy
Passive transport
A transport process where cellular energy (ATP) is used to drive the substance “uphill” against its concentration or electrical gradient
Active transport
A passive process in which the random mixing of particles in a solution occurs because of the particles’ kinetic energy
Diffusion
Type of diffusion where substances move freely through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes of cells without the help of membrane transport proteins
Simple diffusion
Type of diffusion where an integral membrane protein assists a specific substance across the membrane
Facilitated diffusion
Type of diffusion where a solvent (water) passes through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
A measure of the solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content
Tonicity
Shrinkage of cells under hypotonic solution
Crenation
Rupture or swelling of cells under hypotonic solution
Lysis
The source of energy for primary active transport
Hydrolysis of ATP
The source of energy for secondary active transport
Energy stored in ionic concentration gradient
Are transport vesicles active process or passive process and why?
They are, because both endocytosis and exocytosis require energy supplied by ATP
