Cellular level of organization

Question 1

This is the outer coat of a cell formed by the carbohydrate portions of glycolipids and glycoproteins

Answer 1

Glycocalyx

Question 2

This membrane protein forms a pore through which a specific ion can flow to get across membrane; name the classification

Answer 2

Ion channel (Integral)

Question 3

This membrane protein transports a specific substance across membrane by undergoing a change in shape; name the classification

Answer 3

Carrier (Integral)

Question 4

This membrane protein recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way; name the classification

Answer 4

Receptor (Integral)

Question 5

This membrane protein Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell (depending on which direction the active site faces); name the classification

Answer 5

Enzyme (Integral and Peripheral)

Question 6

This membrane protein Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell

Answer 6

Linker (Integral and Peripheral)

Question 7

This membrane protein Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s

Answer 7

Cell identity markers (glycoproteins and glycolipids; Integral and Peripheral)

Question 8

A difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane

Answer 8

Concentration gradient

Question 9

These molecules and atoms are more concentrated outside of the cell

Answer 9

Oxygen and Sodium ions

Question 10

These molecules and atoms are more concentrated inside of the cell

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide and Potassium ions

Question 11

The charge difference across a plasma membrane

Answer 11

Membrane potential

Question 12

The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient on movement of a particular ion is referred to as

Answer 12

Electrochemical gradient

Question 13

A transport process where a substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its own kinetic energy

Answer 13

Passive transport

Question 14

A transport process where cellular energy (ATP) is used to drive the substance “uphill” against its concentration or electrical gradient

Answer 14

Active transport

Question 15

A passive process in which the random mixing of particles in a solution occurs because of the particles’ kinetic energy

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

Type of diffusion where substances move freely through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes of cells without the help of membrane transport proteins

Answer 16

Simple diffusion

Question 17

Type of diffusion where an integral membrane protein assists a specific substance across the membrane

Answer 17

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Type of diffusion where a solvent (water) passes through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 18

Osmosis

Question 19

A measure of the solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content

Answer 19

Tonicity

Question 20

Shrinkage of cells under hypotonic solution

Answer 20

Crenation

Question 21

Rupture or swelling of cells under hypotonic solution

Answer 21

Lysis

Question 22

The source of energy for primary active transport

Answer 22

Hydrolysis of ATP

Question 23

The source of energy for secondary active transport

Answer 23

Energy stored in ionic concentration gradient

Question 24

Are transport vesicles active process or passive process and why?

Answer 24

They are, because both endocytosis and exocytosis require energy supplied by ATP

Question 25

A form of endocytosis in which tiny droplets of extracellular fluid are taken up

Answer 25

Pinocytosis

Question 26

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Answer 26

Phagocytosis involves the protrusion of the cells plasma membrane to “eat” a solid particle.

Pinocytosis involves the inward folding of the plasma membrane to “drink” extracellular fluid

Question 27

Describe the structure of a centriole

Answer 27

Cylindrical structures, each composed of nine clusters of three microtubules (triplets) arranged in a circular pattern

Question 28

Describe the structure of a cilia/flagella

Answer 28

9 Clusters of paired microtubules (doublets) arranged in a circle and a pair of microtubules in the center

Question 29

Stop codons

Answer 29

UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 30

Sart codon/s

Answer 30

AUG