Cellular Injury and Adaptive Response

Question 1

Symptoms

Answer 1

patients subjective observations about how their feeling. not quantifiable

Question 2

Signs

Answer 2

abnormalities seen on the physical exam by the provider. can be quantifiable

Question 3

findings

Answer 3

lab or x ray results

Question 4

syndrome

Answer 4

cluster of symptoms or sights due to a single cause

Question 5

etiology

Answer 5

the cause of the disease

Question 6

pathogenesis

Answer 6

the sequence of how the disease develops

Question 7

pathognomonic

Answer 7

an abnormality found in only one condition such as the shingles rash

Question 8

forme fruste

Answer 8

mild form of a serious disease

Question 9

incidence

Answer 9

number of new cases per unit of time

Question 10

how is incidence usually expressed

Answer 10

new cases per 100,000 people per year

Question 11

prevalence

Answer 11

number of cases at one time

Question 12

how is prevalence usually expressed?

Answer 12

cases per 100,000 people

Question 13

Risk

Answer 13

how much a particular situation increases the chance of getting a condition compared to others

Question 14

diagnosis

Answer 14

name given to a condition once identified

Question 15

prognosis

what is it influenced by?

Answer 15

expected outcome for a particular case of a disease

influenced by diagnosis agenda general health of patient and available treatments

Question 16

What damages cells (6)

Answer 16

hypoxia
poor nutrition
infectious agents
immune injury
chemical agents
physical agents

Question 17

ischemia (ischemic hypoxia)

possible causes

Answer 17

lack of arterial blood flow preventing O2 rich blood from reaching tissues

pump failure, arterial or venous occlusion

Question 18

Hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia)

possible causes

Answer 18

when RBC is not carrying O2 in the hemoglobin or not enough O2 in the blood

failure of lungs to ventilate or perfuse, failure of lungs to oxygenate blood, low RBC amount, inability of RBC to carry O2

Question 19

Failure of oxidative phosphorylation (histotoxic hypoxia)

Answer 19

when hemoglobin is carrying something other than O2.. usually a O2 derivative such as carbon monoxide or cyanide

Question 20

How does different cells tolerate hypoxia differently

Answer 20

brain last 3-5 minutes while leg tissue can last 6 hours